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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      Comparing the Efficacy of Large Language Models ChatGPT, BARD, and Bing AI in Providing Information on Rhinoplasty: An Observational Study

      research-article
      Author(s): , BBiomed(Hons), MD, MSurg , , MD, , LLB, BA, MD, , BBiomed, MD, , MBBS, BMSc, MD, PhD, FRACS, , BSc(Hons), MBBS, PhD, FRACS, , MBBS, FRACS
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Open Forum
      Publisher: Oxford University Press

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          Abstract

          Background

          Large language models (LLMs) are emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies refining research and healthcare. However, the impact of these models on presurgical planning and education remains under-explored.

          Objectives

          This study aims to assess 3 prominent LLMs—Google's AI BARD (Mountain View, CA), Bing AI (Microsoft, Redmond, WA), and ChatGPT-3.5 (Open AI, San Francisco, CA) in providing safe medical information for rhinoplasty.

          Methods

          Six questions regarding rhinoplasty were prompted to ChatGPT, BARD, and Bing AI. A Likert scale was used to evaluate these responses by a panel of Specialist Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons with extensive experience in rhinoplasty. To measure reliability, the Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, and the Coleman–Liau Index were used. The modified DISCERN score was chosen as the criterion for assessing suitability and reliability. A t test was performed to calculate the difference between the LLMs, and a double-sided P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

          Results

          In terms of reliability, BARD and ChatGPT demonstrated a significantly ( P < .05) greater Flesch Reading Ease Score of 47.47 (±15.32) and 37.68 (±12.96), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level of 9.7 (±3.12) and 10.15 (±1.84), and a Coleman–Liau Index of 10.83 (±2.14) and 12.17 (±1.17) than Bing AI. In terms of suitability, BARD (46.3 ± 2.8) demonstrated a significantly greater DISCERN score than ChatGPT and Bing AI. In terms of Likert score, ChatGPT and BARD demonstrated similar scores and were greater than Bing AI.

          Conclusions

          BARD delivered the most succinct and comprehensible information, followed by ChatGPT and Bing AI. Although these models demonstrate potential, challenges regarding their depth and specificity remain. Therefore, future research should aim to augment LLM performance through the integration of specialized databases and expert knowledge, while also refining their algorithms.

          Level of Evidence: 5

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          Most cited references34

          • Record: found
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          ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing

          Brady D. Lund, Ting Wang, Nishith Reddy Mannuru … (2023)
          Article 0 comments Cited 63 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Use of alar batten grafts for correction of nasal valve collapse.

            J Josen, M Tardy, Paul Weinberger … (1997)
            To determine the efficacy of alar batten grafts for the correction of internal and external nasal valve collapse. In this retrospective study, a questionnaire was used to ask patients to rate their nasal breathing before and after application of alar batten grafts. Private practice and academic tertiary referral medical center. The questionnaire was given to 63 patients who underwent application of alar batten grafts between 1980 and 1995. Forty-six patients (73%) responded and were included in the study. Alar batten grafts were applied into a precise pocket via a limited endonasal incision or via the external rhinoplasty approach. The grafts consisted of curved septal cartilage or auricular cartilage and were applied to the site of maximal lateral nasal wall collapse. The convex surface of the cartilage was oriented laterally to allow maximal lateralization of the collapsed portion of the lateral nasal wall. In most cases, alar batten grafts were applied caudal to the existing lateral crura and extended from the lateral one third of the lateral crura to the piriform aperture. The degree of nasal airway obstruction was determined by subjective scoring on a scale from 1 (no obstruction) to 5 (complete obstruction) before and after surgery. The patency of the internal airway was also assessed on physical examination. The results of the study revealed that all but 1 of the 46 patients experienced an improvement in their nasal airway obstruction. The mean improvement in nasal airway obstruction was 2.5 on a scale of 5. Patients that had the least improvement had intranasal scarring in the region of the internal nasal valve, loss of vestibular skin, or excessive narrowing at the piriform aperture. Physical examination revealed a significant increase in the size of the aperture at the internal or external nasal valve after the application of the alar batten grafts. There was minimal postoperative fullness in the supraalar region, where the alar batten grafts were applied. With time, this fullness decreased, leaving little evidence of the graft and an overall improvement in the aesthetic result. Alar batten grafts are effective for long-term correction of internal and external nasal valve collapse that is not complicated by intranasal scarring in the region of the nasal valve, loss of vestibular skin, or excessive narrowing at the piriform aperture.
            Article 0 comments Cited 35 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              New concepts in nasal tip contouring.

              Dean Toriumi (2016)
              Control of nasal tip contour has always been a key component of a successful rhinoplasty. Typically, this procedure is performed with an emphasis on narrowing the nasal tip structure. Creating a natural-appearing nasal tip contour is a complex task and requires a 3-dimensional approach. In an effort to identify the characteristics that make an ideal nasal tip, I evaluated numerous aesthetically pleasing nasal tips. After extensive study, I created a series of images to demonstrate how specific contours create highlights and shadows that will help guide the surgeon in creating a natural-appearing nasal tip contour. Many commonly used nasal tip techniques can pinch the tip structures if an overemphasis is placed on narrowing. These changes isolate the dome region of the nasal tip and can create an undesirable shadow between the tip lobule and alar lobule. Prior to contouring the nasal tip, the surgeon must stabilize the base of the nose with a columellar strut, suturing the medial crura to a long caudal septum, caudal extension graft, or an extended columellar strut graft. Stabilizing the nasal base will ensure that tip projection is maintained postoperatively. To contour the nasal tip, dome sutures are frequently used to flatten the lateral crura and eliminate tip bulbosity. Placement of dome sutures can deform the lateral crura and displace the caudal margin of the lateral crura well below the cephalic margin. This can result in a pinched nasal tip with the characteristic demarcation between the tip and the alar lobule. Alar rim grafts can be used to support the alar margin and create a defined ridge that extends from the tip lobule to the alar lobule. This form of restructuring can create a natural-appearing nasal tip contour with a horizontal tip orientation continuing out to the alar lobule. When dome sutures alone are inadequate, lateral crural strut grafts are used to eliminate convexity and prevent deformity of the lateral crura. Shield tip grafts can be used in patients with thick skin and an underprojected nasal tip. Whenever a shield tip graft is used, it must be appropriately camouflaged to avoid undesirable visualization of the graft as the postoperative edema subsides. When contouring the nasal tip, the surgeon should focus more on creating favorable shadows and highlights and less on narrowing. Nasal tips contoured in this manner will look more natural and will better withstand the forces of scar contracture that can negatively affect rhinoplasty outcomes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 35 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aesthet Surg J Open Forum
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aesthet Surg J Open Forum
                Journal ID (publisher-id): asjopenforum
                Title: Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Open Forum
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (US )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2631-4797
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 September 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 September 2023
                Volume: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: ojad084
                Author notes

                Dr Seth and Prof Rozen are research staff members, and Mr Lim is a medical student, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

                Dr Xie is a plastic surgery registrar, Dr Cevik is a plastic surgery resident, and Drs Ross and Lee are specialist plastic surgeons at Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

                Corresponding Author: Dr Ishith Seth, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. E-mail: ishithseth1@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-8925
                Article
                Publisher ID: ojad084
                DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad084
                PMC ID: 10547367
                PubMed ID: 37795257
                SO-VID: efc53750-b329-474f-a5fa-45e1607bfb3b
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date: 08 September 2023
                Date: 03 October 2023
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/MED00987
                Subject: Asj/10

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