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      Associations of recent stressful life events with anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents with a consideration of family functioning Translated title: Asociaciones entre acontecimientos vitales estresantes recientes y síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes chinos considerando funcionamiento familiar

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          ABSTRACT

          Background: The association between stressful life events (SLEs) and adolescent anxiety symptoms has been extensively studied, but the specific impacts of different SLEs domains remain inconclusive. Moreover, limited research has examined the role of family functioning in these associations.

          Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between various recent SLEs and adolescent anxiety symptoms and explore the role of family functioning.

          Methods: Data were obtained from the second phase of the Longitudinal Study of Adolescents’ Mental and Behavioral Well-being Research in Guangzhou, China. A total of 10,985 students (51.9% boys; mean [SD] age, 15.3 [1.5] years) from forty middle schools participated in the study in 2022 and completed a self-report questionnaire assessing anxiety symptoms, SLEs, and family functioning using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC; including five subscales: interpersonal stress, academic stress, punishment-related stress, loss-related stress, and adaptation-related stress), and the adapted Chinese version of the Family Assessment Device (FAD), respectively. Linear mixed-effects models were performed and the moderation role of family functioning was also examined.

          Results: The fully adjusted model revealed that a 1-SD increase in the overall ASLEC score was associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms ( β = 2.23, 95%CI: 2.15–2.32). Among various SLEs domains, the academic domain shows the most significant association ( β = 2.25, 95%CI: 2.17–2.33). Family functioning exerted an independent protective influence on anxiety symptoms, with each 1-SD increase in FAD scores negatively associated with anxiety symptoms ( β = −2.11, 95%CI: – 2.29 to – 1.93) in the adjusted model. Moreover, family functioning significantly buffered the impacts of overall SLEs and each domain, except for adaptation-related SLEs, on anxiety symptoms.

          Conclusion: Higher recent SLEs levels were associated with increased anxiety symptoms among adolescents, with academic SLEs showing the greatest association. Positive family functioning had both direct and buffering influences on anxiety symptoms.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • Higher levels of recent stressful life events may increase adolescents’ anxiety symptoms.

          • Academic stressful life events show the greatest association with anxiety symptoms.

          • Family functioning may be a promising intervention target for adolescent anxiety symptoms.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: La asociación entre los acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVEs) y los síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes se ha estudiado ampliamente, pero los impactos específicos de los diferentes dominios de los AVEs siguen sin ser concluyentes. Además, escasas investigaciones han examinado el papel del funcionamiento familiar en estas asociaciones.

          Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las asociaciones entre varios AVEs recientes y síntomas de ansiedad adolescente y explorar el papel del funcionamiento familiar.

          Método: Los datos se obtuvieron de la segunda fase del Estudio Longitudinal de Investigación sobre el Bienestar Mental y Conductual de los Adolescentes en Guangzhou, China. Un total de 10.985 estudiantes (51,9% niños varones; edad media [DE], 15,3 [1,5] años) de cuarenta escuelas intermedias participaron en el estudio en 2022 y completaron un cuestionario de autoinforme que evaluaba los síntomas de ansiedad, el LES y el funcionamiento familiar utilizando el Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada-7 (GAD-7), Lista de verificación de acontecimientos vitales de autoevaluación del adolescente (ASLEC; que incluye cinco subescalas: estrés interpersonal, estrés académico, estrés relacionado con el castigo, estrés relacionado con la pérdida y estrés relacionado con la adaptación) y la versión china adaptada del Dispositivo de Evaluación Familiar (FAD), respectivamente. Se realizaron modelos lineales de efectos mixtos y también se examinó el papel moderador del funcionamiento familiar.

          Resultados: El modelo completamente ajustado reveló que un aumento de 1 DE en la puntuación ASLEC general se asoció con niveles más altos de síntomas de ansiedad ( β = 2,23, IC del 95%: 2,15 a 2,32). Entre varios dominios de AVEs, el dominio académico muestra la asociación más significativa ( β = 2,25, IC95%: 2,17 a 2,33). El funcionamiento familiar ejerció una influencia protectora independiente sobre los síntomas de ansiedad, y cada aumento de 1 DE en las puntuaciones FAD se asoció negativamente con los síntomas de ansiedad ( β = −2,11; IC del 95%: – 2,29 a -1,93) en el modelo ajustado. Además, el funcionamiento familiar amortiguó significativamente los impactos de los AVEs generales y de cada dominio, excepto los AVEs relacionados con la adaptación, sobre los síntomas de ansiedad.

          Conclusión: Los niveles más altos de AVEs recientes se asociaron con un aumento de los síntomas de ansiedad entre los adolescentes, y los AVEs académicos mostraron la asociación más importante. El funcionamiento familiar positivo tuvo influencias tanto directas como amortiguadoras sobre los síntomas de ansiedad.

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          A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

          Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
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            Multiple imputation by chained equations is a flexible and practical approach to handling missing data. We describe the principles of the method and show how to impute categorical and quantitative variables, including skewed variables. We give guidance on how to specify the imputation model and how many imputations are needed. We describe the practical analysis of multiply imputed data, including model building and model checking. We stress the limitations of the method and discuss the possible pitfalls. We illustrate the ideas using a data set in mental health, giving Stata code fragments. 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8066
                10 April 2024
                2024
                10 April 2024
                : 15
                : 1
                : 2337577
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
                [b ]Department of Prevention and Treatment of Common Diseases among Students, Health Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary Schools in Guangzhou , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
                Author notes
                [CONTACT ] Yangfeng Guo 1075540089@ 123456qq.com Department of Prevention and Treatment of Common Diseases among Students, Health Promotion Center for Primary and Secondary Schools in Guangzhou, Renmin Zhong Rd394, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
                Lan Guo guolan3@ 123456mail.sysu.edu.cn Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China

                Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2337577.

                Article
                2337577
                10.1080/20008066.2024.2337577
                11008314
                38597558
                efc2ad1e-fe12-46fd-86de-affd0731afd7
                © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 12
                Categories
                Basic Research Article
                Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                adolescent,stressful life event,anxiety,family functioning,stress type,adolescentes,evento de vida estresante,ansiedad,funcionamiento familiar,tipo de estrés

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