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      Changes in enzymes, phenolic compounds, tannins, and vitamin C in various stages of jambolan (Syzygium cumini Lamark) development Translated title: Alterações enzimáticas, compostos fenólicos, taninos e vitamina C em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto Jamelão (Syzygium cumini Lamark)

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          Abstract

          The physiological state of a fruit is closely related to ripening and climatic conditions during the growing period when the fruit undergo changes in color, texture, and flavor. The ripening of the fruit can involve a complex series of biochemical reactions with alteration in enzymes activities, phenols, tannins, and ascorbic acid. The activity of enzymes (carboximethylcellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectinlyase), the total concentration of phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and vitamin C in five stages of maturation were studied. Significant changes were observed between the maturity stages. The phenolic compounds were higher at green stage (705.01 ± 7.41); tannins were higher at green/purple stage (699.45 ± 0.22). The results showed that the ascorbic acid levels of the pulp varied significantly from 50.81 ± 1.43 to 6.61 ± 1.04 mg.100 g-1 during maturation. The specific activity of pectin lyase was higher at green stage (1531.90 ± 5.83). The specific activity of polygalacturonase was higher at mature stage (1.83 ± 0.0018). The specific activity of carboximetilcelulose was higher at ripe mature stage (4.61 ± 0.0024). The low ascorbic acid content found in jambolan fruit indicates that this fruit is not a rich source of this nutrient; however, other characteristics can make jambolan products fit for human consumption.

          Translated abstract

          O estado fisiológico de um fruto está intimamente relacionado com a maturação dos frutos e das condições climáticas durante a fase de crescimento, quando o fruto apresenta mudanças que vão desde a cor, textura e sabor. O amadurecimento do fruto pode envolver uma série complexa de reações bioquímicas, com alteração nas atividades enzimáticas, fenóis, taninos, ácido ascórbico. Foram estudadas a atividade de enzimas (carboximetilcelulase, poligalacturonase, pectina liase), a concentração total de compostos fenólicos, o teor de taninos condensados e a concentração de vitamina C em cinco estádios de maturação do fruto jamelão. Alteração significativa foi observada entre os estádios de maturação. Os compostos fenólicos foram maiores no estádio verde (705.01 ± 7.41). A maior concentração de taninos foi encontrada no estádio Verde/Roxo (699.45 ± 0.22). Os resultados mostraram que o ácido ascórbico varia significativamente de 50.81 ± 1.43 para 6.61 ± 1.04 mg.100 g-1 de polpa durante a maturação. A atividade específica de pectina liase foi maior no estádio verde (1531.90 ± 5.83). A atividade específica da enzima poligalacturonase foi maior na fase madura (1.83 ± 0.0018). A atividade específica da carboximetilcelulase foi maior na fase madura (4.61 ± 0.0024). O baixo teor de ácido ascórbico presente nos frutos de jambolão mostram que esta não é uma boa fonte deste nutriente, no entanto, outras características podem tornar os produtos de jambolão interessantes para consumo.

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          Most cited references53

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          Pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças – Fisiologia e manuseio

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            Official methods of analysis of the AOAC

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              Fisiologiapós-colheita de frutos

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cta
                Food Science and Technology (Campinas)
                Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Campinas )
                1678-457X
                December 2011
                : 31
                : 4
                : 849-855
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil
                Article
                S0101-20612011000400004
                10.1590/S0101-20612011000400004
                eedcaaaf-a2ac-42b0-8af3-cbf0f4fefb1e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-2061&lng=en
                Categories
                FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

                Food science & Technology
                Syzygium cumini Lam.,maturity,total phenolic compounds,tannins,vitamin C,enzymatic activity,maturação,compostos fenólicos totais,taninos,vitamina C,atividade enzimática

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