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      Avaliação comparativa do valor prognóstico de quatro marcadores bioquímicos de lesão miocárdica pós intervenções percutâneas utilizando stents coronarianos Translated title: Comparative assessment of the prognostic value of four biochemical markers of myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary stenting

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito prognóstico das alterações de quatro marcadores de lesão miocárdica (CKMB atividade/massa e troponinas T e I) pós- stent em relação à ocorrência de morte, infarto e novos procedimentos de revascularização em um ano e determinar a incidência e as variáveis preditoras de suas elevações. MÉTODOS: Em 199 pacientes tratados por stents em artérias naturais foram mensurados os quatro marcadores em três períodos: pré-procedimento, 6-8h e 14-18h pós-stent. Curvas de sobrevivência e a regressão logística de Cox determinaram o impacto prognóstico das alterações na ocorrência de eventos cardíacos em um ano. RESULTADOS: A incidência das alterações dos 4 marcadores pós-stent é relativamente freqüente (6,1% a 32,8%), associa-se à maior complexidade das lesões tratadas (longas e angulações >45º) e ao desenvolvimento de intercorrências durante o procedimento (oclusão de ramos secundários, presença de angina e alterações eletrocardiográficas). A sobrevivência livre de infarto e nova revascularização foi significativamente menor somente nos pacientes com elevação da CKMB atividade pós-procedimento em comparação àqueles sem esta alteração (60% x 85,08%, p=0,025). Influenciaram a sobrevivência livre de eventos o diabetes mellitus (OR: 2,27, p=0,0256), pré-dilatação com balão (OR: 3,16, p=0,0082) e elevação da CKMB atividade pós-procedimento (OR: 3,64, p=0,0162). CONCLUSÃO: A recomendação da monitoração sistemática da CKMB atividade pós-stent coronário baseia-se na compreensão do seu comportamento clínico e laboratorial, nos resultados dos estudos que relacionam a elevação de seus níveis pós-procedimento à pior evolução tardia e ao baixo custo do exame.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic effect of the changes in the levels of 4 biochemical markers of myocardial damage (CK-MB activity/mass and troponins T and I) after stent implantation in regard to the occurrence of death, infarction, and new myocardial revascularization procedures in a one-year period. The study also aimed at determining the incidence of their elevations and the existence of predictive variables. METHODS: Those 4 markers were measured in 199 patients treated with stent implantation in native arteries in the following 3 periods: before the procedure, 6-8 hours after the procedure, and 14-18 hours after the procedure. Survival curves and Cox logistic regression were used to determine the prognostic impact of the changes on the occurrence of cardiac events in one year. RESULTS: Changes in the levels of the 4 markers after stent implantation are relatively frequent (6.1% to 32.8%), are associated with the degree of complexity of the lesions treated (long lesions and angulations > 45º) and with the development of problems during the procedure (occlusion of the secondary branches, presence of angina, and electrocardiographic changes). The infarction-free survival rate and the need for a new revascularization were significantly lower only in the patients with an elevation in the CK-MB activity after the procedure as compared with those in patients without that alteration (60% x 85.08%; P=0.025). The following variables influenced the event-free survival rate: diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.27; P=0.0256), balloon predilation (OR: 3.16; P=0.0082), and an elevation in the CK-MB activity after the procedure (OR: 3.64; P=0.0162). CONCLUSION: Systematic monitoring of CK-MB activity after coronary stenting is justified due to its clinical and laboratory behavior reported in studies relating its elevation after the procedure to a worse late outcome, and due to its low cost.

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          Most cited references32

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          Decision making with cardiac troponin tests.

          E M Antman (2002)
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            Reversible myocardial ischemic injury is not associated with increased creatine kinase activity in plasma.

            Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes MM, MB, and BB are located primarily in the cell cytosol, and increased CKMB in plasma is the hallmark of myocardial infarction. However, whether CK is released with reversible ischemic injury remains controversial. Here, we assessed plasma CK activity--cytosolic and mitochondrial CK--in serial samples (every 10 min for 60 min, then hourly or every 4 h for 48 h) from 46 conscious dogs after transient or sustained coronary occlusion. Four dogs were sham-operated (controls); four underwent sustained coronary occlusion (96 h); and 38 underwent transient coronary occlusion (10-40 min) followed by 48 h of reperfusion. In postmortem histological examination of the dogs' hearts by light and electron microscopy, we looked for ischemia or necrosis. The presence of cell swelling and glycogen depletion was indicative of ischemia, whereas the added presence of cell disruption indicated necrosis. Coronary occlusion for > or = 20 min consistently increased plasma mitochondrial and total CK activity and produced histologically evident myocardial necrosis. In contrast, after 10 to 15 min of coronary occlusion, 12 of 14 animals, despite extensive severe reversible ischemia, showed no increase in plasma CK; the remaining 2, which had increased plasma CK, had subendocardial necrosis. Thus, cytosolic or mitochondrial CK is released from the heart only when there has been irreversible myocardial injury-a finding with significant diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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              The association of increased plasma MB CPK activity and irreversible ischemic myocardial injury in the dog.

              To evaluate the concordance between elevated plasma MB CPK and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury, coronary occlusion was induced for 10 minutes to 48 hours in 21 open chest dogs and 13 conscious animals. Results of plasma CPK and MB CPK assayed in samples obtained serially ofr 24 hours were compared to microscopic changes in hearts from the same animals examined 48 hours after occlusion. Twelve of the 34 dogs died within two hours after coronary occlusion. Among the surviving 22 dogs, one failed to exhibit gross of electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia and was therefore excluded. Twelve had coronary occlusion maintained for 30 minutes or longer and in 11 of these peak plasma MB CPK activity exceeded thenormal range (mean +/- 2 SD) and baseline values by at least 100%. Necrosis was present in the hearts from each manifested by nuclear pyknosis, eosinophilia, shrinkage of cytoplasm, and leukocytic infiltration. In the remaining nine dogs with occlusion for less than 30 minutes, peak plasma MB CPK activity was not elevated and necrosis was not detected. The close concordance between plasma MB CPK elevations and myocardial necrosis was significant (chi2 = 14.5, P less than 0.001), and thus, increased plasma MB CPK activity reflected irreversible myocardial ischemic injury.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC (São Paulo )
                1678-4170
                December 2004
                : 83
                : spe
                : 53-58
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia Brazil
                Article
                S0066-782X2004001900010
                10.1590/S0066-782X2004001900010
                ee7369d7-776f-405f-bc0a-56ae744caaf9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0066-782X&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                stent,biochemical markers,prognosis,Stent,marcadores bioquímicos,prognóstico
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                stent, biochemical markers, prognosis, Stent, marcadores bioquímicos, prognóstico

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