Nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems: recent advances and future prospects

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Abstract

Ocular drug delivery has constantly challenged ophthalmologists and drug delivery scientists due to various anatomical and physiological barriers. Static and dynamic ocular barriers prevent the entry of exogenous substances and impede therapeutic agents' active absorption. This review elaborates on the anatomy of the eye and the associated constraints. Followed by an illustration of some common ocular diseases, including glaucoma and their current clinical therapies, emphasizing the significance of drug therapy in treating ocular diseases. Subsequently, advances in ocular drug delivery modalities, especially nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems, are recommended, and some typical research is highlighted. Based on the related research, systematic and comprehensive characterizations of the nanocarriers are summarized, hoping to assist with future research. Besides, we summarize the nanotechnology-based ophthalmic drugs currently on the market or still in clinical trials and the recent patents of nanocarriers. Finally, inspired by current trends and therapeutic concepts, we provide an insight into the challenges faced by novel ocular drug delivery systems and further put forward directions for future research. We hope this review can provide inspiration and motivation for better design and development of novel ophthalmic formulations.

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The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

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The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.

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IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.

K. Ogurtsova, J.D. da Rocha Fernandes, Y. Huang … (2017)

To produce current estimates of the national, regional and global impact of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yao Fu: fuyao@sjtu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology

Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155

Publication date (Electronic): 22 July 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 22 July 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 232

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412523.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0386 9086, Department of Ophthalmology, , Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, ; Shanghai, China

[2 ]GRID grid.16821.3c, ISNI 0000 0004 0368 8293, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, ; Shanghai, 200011 China

Article

Publisher ID: 1992

DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01992-2

PMC ID: 10362606

PubMed ID: 37480102

SO-VID: ee12d2c5-297d-473b-94ab-4040288f065a

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 16 May 2023

Date accepted : 9 July 2023

Funding

Funded by: Disciplinary Crossing Cultivation Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Award ID: YG2022QN055

Award Recipient : Liangbo Chen

Funded by: Basic Research Programs of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital

Award ID: JYZZ152

Award Recipient : Liangbo Chen

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 82201136

Award ID: 82271041

Award Recipient : Liangbo Chen Yao Fu

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: nanotechnology,ocular drug delivery systems,ocular barriers,characterizations,clinical trail

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: nanotechnology, ocular drug delivery systems, ocular barriers, characterizations, clinical trail

Nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems: recent advances and future prospects

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Most cited references 345

The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.

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