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      Diagnosis of chronic gastric instability using computed tomography in a Great Dane that progressed to gastric dilatation and volvulus: a literature review and case report

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          Abstract

          Chronic gastric instability (CGI) is part of the gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) complex and contributes to the pathophysiologic mechanism of volvulus. Clinical signs can be attributed to a flaccid and mobile stomach. This manuscript reviews the literature regarding CGI and presents a case where computerized tomography is utilized in combination with abdominal radiography to diagnose CGI in an 8 year old spayed female Great Dane. The patient presented for nonspecific clinical signs including hypersalivation, anorexia, and regurgitation, and was euthanized after failing medical management and developing acute abdominal pain. Necropsy revealed a distended stomach with 180 o rotation along its long axis. This case demonstrates that CGI and GDV share a continuum, and cases of CGI may progress to GDV without prophylactic surgical intervention.

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          Incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs.

          L T Glickman, N W Glickman, D B Schellenberg … (2000)
          To compare incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) among 11 dog breeds (Akita, Bloodhound, Collie, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Standard Poodle, and Weimaraner).
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            Non-dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in large and giant breed dogs.

            Lawrence Glickman, Nita Glickman, Diana Schellenberg … (2000)
            To identify non-dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in large breed and giant breed dogs.
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              Analysis of risk factors for gastric dilatation and dilatation-volvulus in dogs.

              L T Glickman, N W Glickman, C. M. González Pérez … (1994)
              The Veterinary Medical Data Base was usd to conduct an epidemiologic study of gastric dilatation and dilatation-volvulus (GDV) to describe changes over time in frequency of canine hospital admissions, to identify risk factors, and to estimate their relative importance. Cases in this case-control study included 1,934 dogs with GDV that were admitted to 12 participating veterinary hospitals from 1980 to 1989. The controls were 3,868 dogs with other diagnoses that were randomly selected from the same hospitals. Frequency of GDV per 1,000 canine hospital admissions ranged from 2.9 to 6.8. The case fatality rate was 28.6 and 33.3% for gastric dilatation alone and for gastric dilatation with volvulus, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence limits (95% CL) for GDV associated with purebred vs mixed-breed dogs were 2.5 and 2.1, 3.0, respectively. The risk of GDV was associated with increasing age (chi 2 = 305.6, P < 0.0001) and increasing weight (chi 2 = 627.8, P < 0.0001). Significant association of GDV risk with sex or neuter status was not found. The 5 breeds having at least 10 cases and 8 controls and with the highest risk of GDV were Great Dane (OR, 10.0; 95% CL, 6.4, 15.6), Weimaraner (OR, 4.6; 95% CL, 2.3, 9.2), Saint Bernard (OR, 4.2; 95% CL, 2.3, 7.4), Gordon Setter (OR, 4.1; 95% CL, 1.8, 9.3), and Irish Setter (OR, 3.5; 95% CL, 2.4, 5.0). The effect of increasing body weight on GDV risk was less than that of increasing ideal adult breed weight, determined by published breed standards.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Vet J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Vet J
                Title: Open Veterinary Journal
                Publisher: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli and Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology (Tripoli, Libya )
                ISSN (Print): 2226-4485
                ISSN (Electronic): 2218-6050
                Publication date (Print): 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 June 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 219-223
                Affiliations
                [1] Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Health Sciences, 2065 W Farm Rd, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Peter Scott Czajkowski. Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Health Sciences, 2065 W Farm Rd, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Tel.: (405)744-7000. Email: petercz@ 123456okstate.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: OpenVetJ-8-219
                DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i2.18
                PMC ID: 6202670
                SO-VID: ee017197-aa34-4891-9307-d602dabfb498
                Copyright © Copyright: © Open Veterinary Journal
                License:

                Open Veterinary Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 19 December 2017
                Date accepted : 07 June 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: gastric dilatation and volvulus,gastric instability,gastric malpositioning,gastric torsion
                Data availability:
                Keywords: gastric dilatation and volvulus, gastric instability, gastric malpositioning, gastric torsion

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