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      Residency training for minimally invasive surgery Translated title: Treinamento de cirurgia minimamente invasiva em programas de residência médica

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          to develop a training program in minimally invasive surgery, based on simulation and with an emphasis on the acquisition of laparoscopic competences.

          Methods:

          this was a prospective, observational study carried out at a university hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between April 2020 and January 2021. We recruited residents of surgical specialties for structured, progressive training according to instructional principles to promote learning, such as motivation, activation, demonstration, application, and integration. We filmed the skill tests at the program’s beginning, middle, and end, which were then anonymously evaluated by a surgical education expert. Individual performances were scored using the global assessment tools “GOALS” and “specific checklist for suture”. At the end, all participants received individual feedback and completed a questionnaire to assess the impact of training on the Kirkpatrick model.

          Results:

          43 residents completed the program. The evolution of performances was evident and grew between tests. The average achievements were 29% in the initial test, 43% in the intermediate test, and 88% in the final test, with significant differences between all mean scores, with H=97.59, GL=2, p<0.0001. The program evaluation and learning perceptions were excellent, but only 10.7% of residents felt fully capable of performing unsupervised, low-complexity laparoscopic surgery at the end of training.

          Conclusions:

          the training program developed in this study proved to be feasible and promising as a strategy for teaching laparoscopic surgery .

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          desenvolver programa de treinamento em cirurgia minimamente invasiva, baseado em simulação e com ênfase na aquisição de competências laparoscópicas.

          Métodos:

          trata-se de estudo prospectivo observacional que foi realizado em hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, entre abril de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Foram recrutados residentes de clínicas cirúrgicas para treinamento progressivo estruturado de acordo com princípios instrucionais de promoção da aprendizagem, como: motivação, ativação, demonstração, aplicação e integração. Testes de habilidades foram filmados no início, meio e final do programa, e, então, avaliados em anonimato por perito em educação cirúrgica. As performances individuais foram pontuadas por meio das ferramentas de avaliação global “ GOALS” e “checklist específico de sutura”. Ao final, todos participantes receberam feedbacks individuais e preencheram questionário destinado a avaliar o impacto do treinamento, baseado no modelo de Kirkpatrick.

          Resultados:

          43 residentes concluíram o treinamento. A evolução das performances foi crescente e evidente entre os testes. Os aproveitamentos médios foram: 29% no teste inicial; 43% no teste intermediário; e 88% no teste final, com diferenças significativas entre todas as médias de pontuação, sendo H=97,59; GL=2; p<0,0001. A avaliação do programa e percepções de aprendizagem foram excelentes, mas apenas 10,7% dos residentes sentiram-se totalmente capazes a realizar cirurgia laparoscópica de baixa complexidade sem supervisão ao final do treinamento.

          Conclusões:

          o programa de treinamento desenvolvido nesse estudo mostrou-se factível e promissor como estratégia de ensino da cirurgia laparoscópica.

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          Most cited references28

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          First principles of instruction

          M. Merrill (2002)
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            Blueprints for complex learning: The 4C/ID-model

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              Comparative effectiveness of instructional design features in simulation-based education: systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Although technology-enhanced simulation is increasingly used in health professions education, features of effective simulation-based instructional design remain uncertain. Evaluate the effectiveness of instructional design features through a systematic review of studies comparing different simulation-based interventions. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011. We included original research studies that compared one simulation intervention with another and involved health professions learners. Working in duplicate, we evaluated study quality and abstracted information on learners, outcomes, and instructional design features. We pooled results using random effects meta-analysis. From a pool of 10,903 articles we identified 289 eligible studies enrolling 18,971 trainees, including 208 randomized trials. Inconsistency was usually large (I2 > 50%). For skills outcomes, pooled effect sizes (positive numbers favoring the instructional design feature) were 0.68 for range of difficulty (20 studies; p < 0.001), 0.68 for repetitive practice (7 studies; p = 0.06), 0.66 for distributed practice (6 studies; p = 0.03), 0.65 for interactivity (89 studies; p < 0.001), 0.62 for multiple learning strategies (70 studies; p < 0.001), 0.52 for individualized learning (59 studies; p < 0.001), 0.45 for mastery learning (3 studies; p = 0.57), 0.44 for feedback (80 studies; p < 0.001), 0.34 for longer time (23 studies; p = 0.005), 0.20 for clinical variation (16 studies; p = 0.24), and -0.22 for group training (8 studies; p = 0.09). These results confirm quantitatively the effectiveness of several instructional design features in simulation-based education.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Col Bras Cir
                Rev Col Bras Cir
                rcbc
                Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                0100-6991
                1809-4546
                18 February 2022
                2022
                : 49
                : e20213040
                Affiliations
                [1 ] - Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Centro de Treinamento e Educação Cirúrgica - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil
                Author notes
                Mailing address: Marcelo Esteves Chaves Campos E-mail: camposmec@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                Conflict of interest: no.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-8052
                Article
                00400
                10.1590/0100-6991e-20213040
                10578808
                35239846
                eda5b443-3353-4a3b-babe-bbd25917d28e
                © 2022 Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 16 April 2021
                : 30 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 19
                Categories
                Education

                simulation training,clinical competence,laparoscopy,coronavirus,education, medical,treinamento por simulação,competência clínica,laparoscopia,educação baseada em competências

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