Combating iron and zinc malnutrition through mineral biofortification in maize through plant growth promoting <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> species

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Abstract

Introduction

The burgeoning population of the world is causing food insecurity not only by less food availability but also by the malnutrition of essential nutrients and vitamins. Malnutrition is mostly linked with food having micronutrients lower than the optimal concentration of that specific food commodity and becoming an emerging challenge over the globe. Microbial biofortification in agriculture ensures nutritional security through microbial nitrogen fixation, and improved phosphate and zinc solubilization, which increase the uptake of these nutrients. The present study evaluates the novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to biofortify maize gain.

Methods

For this purpose, a pot and two field experiments for maize were conducted. PGPRs were applied alone and in combination for a better understanding of the biofortification potential of these strains. At physiological maturity, the growth parameters, and at harvest, the yield, microbial population, and nutritional status of maize were determined.

Results and discussion

Results revealed that the consortium (ZM27+ZM63+S10) has caused the maximum increase in growth under pot studies like plant height (31%), shoot fresh weight (28%), shoot dry weight (27%), root fresh (33%) and dry weights (29%), and microbial count (21%) in the maize rhizosphere. The mineral analysis of the pot trial also revealed that consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 has caused 28, 16, 20, 11 and 11% increases in P, N, K, Fe, and Zn contents in maize, respectively, as compared to un-inoculated treatment in pot studies. A similar trend of results was also observed in both field trials as the consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 caused the maximum increase in not only growth and biological properties but also caused maximum biofortification of mineral nutrients in maize grains. The grain yield and 1000-grain weight were also found significantly higher 17 and 12%, respectively, under consortium application as compared to control. So, it can be concluded from these significant results obtained from the PGPR consortium application that microbial inoculants play a significant role in enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of the maize. However, the extensive evaluation of the consortium may help in the formulation of a biofertilizer for sustainable production and biofortification of maize to cope with nutritional security.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Maqshoof Ahmad: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/550131

Azhar Hussain: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/304884

Muhammad Luqman: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2097984

Allah Ditta: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/276600

Zafar Iqbal: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1911835

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Plant Sci.

Title: Frontiers in Plant Science

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-462X

Publication date (Electronic): 01 February 2023

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 1094551

Affiliations

[1] ¹ Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur, Pakistan

[2] ² Department of environmental science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University , Sheringal, Pakistan

[3] ³ School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, Australia

[4] ⁴ National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur, Pakistan

[5] ⁵ Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory, Raiwind Lahore , Lahore, Pakistan

[6] ⁶ Institute of Agroindustry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur, Pakistan

[7] ⁷ Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[8] ⁸ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh , Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt

Author notes

Edited by: Raul Antonio Sperotto, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Brazil

Reviewed by: Arshad Jalal, São Paulo State University, Brazil; Sukamal Sarkar, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, India; Sancar Bulut, Kayseri University, Turkey

*Correspondence: Azhar Hussain, azharhaseen@ 123456gmail.com ; Allah Ditta, allah.ditta@ 123456sbbu.edu.pk; ; allah.ditta@ 123456uwa.edu.au ; Walid Soufan, wsoufan@ 123456ksu.edu.sa

This article was submitted to Plant Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094551

PMC ID: 9929565

PubMed ID: 36816488

SO-VID: ed997a2b-b8ad-46f1-9e79-8df8a8aca70c

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 10 November 2022

Date accepted : 19 December 2022

Page count

Figures: 6, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 72, Pages: 16, Words: 8225

Funding

Funded by: University of Agriculture, Faisalabad , doi 10.13039/501100007654;

Award ID: RSP-2020/180

This research was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project No. (RSP2023R390), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The research is funded by the Endowment Fund Secretariat (EFS), Project Number (RSP-2020/180), University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

Combating iron and zinc malnutrition through mineral biofortification in maize through plant growth promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results and discussion

Related collections

Plant MYBs

Most cited references 72

Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management

The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria

A comprehensive system of leaf analyses and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status

Author and article information

Contributors

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Author notes

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Funding

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