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      EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS ACUOSOS RADICALES Y FOLIARES DE ECOTIPOS DE TRIGO (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO MICELIAL IN VITRO DE GAEUMANNOMYCES GRAMINIS VAR. TRITICI Translated title: EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ROOT AND LEAF OF WILD TYPE WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) OVER THE MYCELIAL GROWTH OF G. GRAMINIS IN VITRO

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          Abstract

          Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de extractos acuosos de ecotipos de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) sobre el crecimiento micelial in vitro de Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Se utilizaron 17 extractos obtenidos de raíces y hojas de los ecotipos de trigo Castaño, Cebada, Diente de perro, G8, Grano de oro, Caín, Linaza I, Linaza II, NN1, NN17, NN24, NN31, NN35, Pulil, R3, Rachel y Varón, y cultivares comerciales de avena cv. Urano, trigo cv. Kumpa y Otto a las concentraciones 1 y 5% p/v. Se evaluó el radio promedio del crecimiento micelial ( mm) desde el centro de la placa petri contenida con APD y el extracto respectivo, siempre en el mismo sentido y lugar, a partir de las 24 horas postsiembra y cada 24 horas hasta completar la placa control. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANDEVA y comparación de medias por las pruebas LSD y Tukey (p < 0,05). Todos los extractos acuosos de ecotipos de trigo ejercieron efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento micelial de G. graminis var. tritici. Este efecto fue superior al de cultivares comerciales de avena cv. Urano y trigo cvs. Kumpa y Otto. La secuencia de mayor a menor efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento micelial fue la siguiente: extracto radical al 1% (ecotipos Varón, NN1 y Pulil); al 5% (ecotipos Linaza I, Caín, Varón, Grano de oro y NN1). Extracto foliar al 1% (ecotipos Castaño y Grano de oro); al 5% (ecotipos NN17, NN24, NN31, Caín y Varón).

          Translated abstract

          This research was made with the purpose of evaluating the effect of aqueous extracts of wild type wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over the mycelial growth in vitro of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. There were used 17 extracts obtained of root and leaf of wild type wheat: Castaño, Cebada, Diente de perro, G8, Grano de oro, Cain, Linaza I, Linaza II, NN1, NN17, NN24, NN31, NN35, Pulil, R3, Rachel and Varón, also varieties of Kumpa and Otto wheat and (Urano) oats, to concentrations 1 y 5% w/v. There was an evaluation of the radio average of the mycelial growth (mm) from the center of the plate contained with PDA and their respective extract, always in the same sense and place, as of the 24 hours after inoculation and every 24 hours till the plate control was completed. A full-random design was used. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the average was compared by test of LSD and Tukey (P ≤= 0,05). All the aqueous extracts of roots and leaves of wild type of wheat had an inhibiting effect over the micelial growth of G. graminis var. tritici. The allelopathyc effect over this fungus was superior to the Kumpa and Otto wheat (Urano) oats and (nn) barley. The sequence from greater to smaller inhibiting effect of the micelial growth was the following one; radical extract to 1% wild type of wheat (Varón, NN 1 and Pulil); to 5% (Linaza I, grano de oro, Varón, and NN 1). Extract to leaf to 1% (Grano de oro and castaño); to 5% (NN17, NN 24, NN 31, Cain and Varón).

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          Crop cultivars with allelopathic capability

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            Allelopathy in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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              Laboratory screening for allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

              A new screening bioassay, the ‘equal-compartment-agar-method (ECAM)’, was developed and employed to evaluate 92 wheat cultivars for their allelopathic activity on the inhibition of root growth of annual ryegrass (L. rigidum). Results showed that the allelopathic activity of wheat was associated with the sowing time of ryegrass seeds, the number of wheat seedlings, agar quantities, and agar concentrations. The addition of activated charcoal into the agar medium significantly alleviated wheat allelopathic inhibition on the root growth of ryegrass, indicating that wheat allelopathic activity is chemically driven. There were significant differences between wheat cultivars in their allelopathic potential at the seedling stage on the inhibition of root elongation of annual ryegrass, varying from 23.98% to 90.91%. Re-screening of 22 selected wheat accessions showed that the allelopathic potential of wheat cultivars is consistent between different years under the same experimental conditions. This newly developed screening bioassay successfully separated the allelopathic effect from the competitive effect between wheat and ryegrass plants, and enabled the constant release and accumulation of allelochemicals from living wheat seedlings into the growth medium to affect the growth of ryegrass. The influence of microorganisms was also avoided because of the sterile conditions. The present study describes this new bioassay suitable for the efficient screening of a large number of wheat cultivars under laboratory conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                idesia
                Idesia (Arica)
                Idesia
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas (Arica, , Chile )
                0718-3429
                April 2010
                : 28
                : 1
                : 69-77
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales Chile eabensch@ 123456ufro.cl
                Article
                S0718-34292010000100010 S0718-3429(10)02800100010
                10.4067/S0718-34292010000100010
                ed49d261-04a8-4e1c-acfa-dd92a1e9f960

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2007
                : 18 October 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                INVESTIGACIONES

                Triticum aestivum,Gaeumannomyces graminis,Wild type,aqueous extracts,allelopathic,Ecotipo,extractos acuosos,alelopatía

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