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      Determination and evaluation of mercury concentration in fish in the São Francisco River Watershed, Brazil Translated title: Concentração de mercúrio total em peixes do reservatório de Três Marias, Bacia do rio São Francisco

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          Abstract

          Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of mercury in 13 species of fish with different eating habits, captured in the Três Marias Reservoir, São Francisco Basin, from March 2012 to April 2013. The results obtained showed that the species with carnivorous eating habit presented the highest average concentrations of mercury in muscle, especially Serrasalmus brandtii (pirambeba) and Pygocentrus piraya (piranha), with concentrations of 0.4147 ± 0.2744 μg g-1 and 0.17774 ± 0.2980 μg g-1, respectively. Considering the average concentrations, all the species studied showed levels of mercury below the maximum limit of 0.5 μg g-1 in non-predatory fish and 1.0 μg g-1 in predatory fish, established by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Taking each species into account, the minimum and maximum values of mercury in the muscular and hepatic tissues showed a wide dispersion. In 4% of the specimens of pirambeba and 7% of piranha, the contents of mercury in muscle exceeded the limit established by ANVISA for predatory fish, and therefore, were unfit for human consumption. The other species did not present muscle samples with Hg content above that established by law. Due to its carnivorous eating habit and its wide distribution in the São Francisco Basin, Serrasalmus brandtii can be considered a biomonitor, capable of bioaccumulating mercury, thus indicating the level of contamination in the aquatic environment in which it lives.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Diante da toxicidade do mercúrio para o ser humano e para o meio ambiente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sua bioacumulação em 13 espécies de peixes com diferentes hábitos alimentares, capturados no reservatório de Três Marias, bacia do rio São Francisco, no período de março de 2012 a abril de 2013. Os resultados obtidos revelam que as espécies com hábito alimentar carnívoro apresentaram as maiores concentrações médias de mercúrio em músculo, com destaque para Serrasalmus brandtii (pirambeba) e Pygocentrus piraya (piranha), com concentrações de 0,4147 ± 0,2744 μg g-1 e 0,1774 ± 0,2980 μg g-1, respectivamente. Considerando as concentrações médias, todas as espécies estudadas apresentaram teores de mercúrio abaixo dos limites máximos de 0,5 μg g-1 em peixes não predadores e de 1,0 μg g-1 em peixes predadores, estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Levando em conta cada espécie, os valores mínimos e máximos de mercúrio nos tecidos muscular e hepático demonstraram uma ampla dispersão. Em 4% dos espécimes de pirambeba e 7% de piranha, os teores de mercúrio em músculo ultrapassaram o limite estabelecido pela ANVISA para peixes predadores, e, portanto, sendo impróprios para o consumo humano. As demais espécies não apresentaram amostras de músculo com teor de Hg acima do estabelecido em lei. Devido ao seu hábito alimentar carnívoro e sua ampla distribuição na bacia do rio São Francisco, Serrasalmus brandtii pode ser considerada como biomonitor, capaz de bioacumular mercúrio, indicando, assim, o nível de contaminação desse metal no ambiente aquático em que vive.

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          Most cited references45

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          Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review

          Chemosphere, 40(12), 1335-1351
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            Public Health and Economic Consequences of Methyl Mercury Toxicity to the Developing Brain

            Methyl mercury is a developmental neurotoxicant. Exposure results principally from consumption by pregnant women of seafood contaminated by mercury from anthropogenic (70%) and natural (30%) sources. Throughout the 1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made steady progress in reducing mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources, especially from power plants, which account for 41% of anthropogenic emissions. However, the U.S. EPA recently proposed to slow this progress, citing high costs of pollution abatement. To put into perspective the costs of controlling emissions from American power plants, we have estimated the economic costs of methyl mercury toxicity attributable to mercury from these plants. We used an environmentally attributable fraction model and limited our analysis to the neurodevelopmental impacts—specifically loss of intelligence. Using national blood mercury prevalence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we found that between 316,588 and 637,233 children each year have cord blood mercury levels > 5.8 μg/L, a level associated with loss of IQ. The resulting loss of intelligence causes diminished economic productivity that persists over the entire lifetime of these children. This lost productivity is the major cost of methyl mercury toxicity, and it amounts to $8.7 billion annually (range, $2.2–43.8 billion; all costs are in 2000 US$). Of this total, $1.3 billion (range, $0.1–6.5 billion) each year is attributable to mercury emissions from American power plants. This significant toll threatens the economic health and security of the United States and should be considered in the debate on mercury pollution controls.
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              Mercury methylation in aquatic systems affected by acid deposition

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ambiagua
                Revista Ambiente & Água
                Rev. Ambient. Água
                Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (Taubaté, SP, Brazil )
                1980-993X
                2021
                : 16
                : 2
                : e2647
                Affiliations
                [2] São Cristóvão orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia orgdiv2Departamento de Quimíca Brazil cgarcia@ 123456ufs.br
                [3] Três Marias MG orgnameCompanhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do São Francisco e do Parnaíba orgdiv1Centro Integrado de Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura Brazil sato.codevasf@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameInstituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis orgdiv1Superintendência Estadual de Minas Gerais Brazil mario.tallarico@ 123456gmail.com
                [6] São Cristóvão orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe orgdiv1Núcleo de Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustível Brazil silvanioslc@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Porto Real do Colégio Alagoas orgnameCompanhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do São Francisco e do Parnaíba orgdiv1Departamento de Limnologia e Aquicultura Brazil marcos.teles@ 123456codevasf.gov.br
                [4] Montes Claros MG orgnameCompanhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do São Francisco e do Parnaíba orgdiv1Unidade de Desenvolvimento Territorial Brazil erica.mendes@ 123456codevasf.gov.br
                Article
                S1980-993X2021000200302 S1980-993X(21)01600200302
                10.4136/ambi-agua.2647
                ecc633e3-6510-4097-b26c-78d7b4d257d2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 February 2021
                : 13 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
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                mercúrio,rio São Francisco,mercury,peixe,fish,São Francisco River

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