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      ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Mypoviridae 2023

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          Abstract

          Mypoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 16.0 kb that have been found in myriapods. The mypovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Mypoviridae, which is available at: ictv.global/report/mypoviridae.

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          Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere

          Mang Shi, Xian-Dan Lin, Jun-Hua Tian … (2017)
          Current knowledge of RNA virus biodiversity is both biased and fragmentary, reflecting a focus on culturable or disease-causing agents. Here we profile the transcriptomes of over 220 invertebrate species sampled across nine animal phyla and report the discovery of 1,445 RNA viruses, including some that are sufficiently divergent to comprise new families. The identified viruses fill major gaps in the RNA virus phylogeny and reveal an evolutionary history that is characterized by both host switching and co-divergence. The invertebrate virome also reveals remarkable genomic flexibility that includes frequent recombination, lateral gene transfer among viruses and hosts, gene gain and loss, and complex genomic rearrangements. Together, these data present a view of the RNA virosphere that is more phylogenetically and genomically diverse than that depicted in current classification schemes and provide a more solid foundation for studies in virus ecology and evolution.
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            Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects

            Simon Käfer, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Florian Zirkel … (2019)
            The spectrum of viruses in insects is important for subjects as diverse as public health, veterinary medicine, food production, and biodiversity conservation. The traditional interest in vector-borne diseases of humans and livestock has drawn the attention of virus studies to hematophagous insect species. However, these represent only a tiny fraction of the broad diversity of Hexapoda, the most speciose group of animals. Here, we systematically probed the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in the largest and most representative collection of insect transcriptomes from samples representing all 34 extant orders of Hexapoda and 3 orders of Entognatha, as well as outgroups, altogether representing 1243 species. Based on profile hidden Markov models we detected 488 viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences with similarity to negative strand RNA viruses. These were identified in members of 324 arthropod species. Selection for length, quality, and uniqueness left 234 sequences for analyses, showing similarity to genomes of viruses classified in Bunyavirales (n = 86), Articulavirales (n = 54), and several orders within Haploviricotina (n = 94). Coding-complete genomes or nearly-complete subgenomic assemblies were obtained in 61 cases. Based on phylogenetic topology and the availability of coding-complete genomes we estimate that at least 20 novel viral genera in seven families need to be defined, only two of them monospecific. Seven additional viral clades emerge when adding sequences from the present study to formerly monospecific lineages, potentially requiring up to seven additional genera. One long sequence may indicate a novel family. For segmented viruses, cophylogenies between genome segments were generally improved by the inclusion of viruses from the present study, suggesting that in silico misassembly of segmented genomes is rare or absent. Contrary to previous assessments, significant virus-host codivergence was identified in major phylogenetic lineages based on two different approaches of codivergence analysis in a hypotheses testing framework. In spite of these additions to the known spectrum of viruses in insects, we caution that basing taxonomic decisions on genome information alone is challenging due to technical uncertainties, such as the inability to prove integrity of complete genome assemblies of segmented viruses.
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              RNA viromes from terrestrial sites across China expand environmental viral diversity

              Yan-Mei Chen, Sabrina Sadiq, Jun-Hua Tian … (2022)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (hwp): jgv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jgv
                Title: The Journal of General Virology
                Publisher: Microbiology Society
                ISSN (Print): 0022-1317
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 December 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 December 2023
                Volume: 104
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 001931
                Affiliations
                [ 1​ ] Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick , Frederick, MD 21702, USA
                [ 2​ ] United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory , Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
                [ 3​ ] departmentDivision of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0QN, UK
                [ 4​ ] departmentDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6 , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
                [ 5​ ] CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari , 70010 Valenzano, Italy
                [ 6​ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
                [ 7​ ] Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin 10117, Germany
                [ 8​ ] KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
                [ 9​ ] FIND , 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
                [ 10​ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029, USA
                [ 11​ ] departmentInstitute for Plant Protection , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
                [ 12​ ] Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR) , 10135 Torino, Italy
                [ 13​ ] School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University , Shanghai 201052, PR China
                Author notes
                *Correspondence: Yong-Zhen Zhang (张永振), zhangyongzhen@ 123456fudan.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: 001931
                DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001931
                PMC ID: 10770932
                PubMed ID: 38112172
                SO-VID: ecc3fb8f-a8b2-4f7b-9b13-4b79bda48349
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

                History
                Date received : 22 November 2023
                Date accepted : 23 November 2023
                Categories
                Subject: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hubavirus,húběi myriapoda virus 5,ictv report,mypoviridae,taxonomy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hubavirus, húběi myriapoda virus 5, ictv report, mypoviridae, taxonomy

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