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      Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE

          Previous meta-analyses identified an inverse association of coffee consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an updated meta-analysis is needed because new studies comparing the trends of association for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee have since been published.

          RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

          PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort or nested case-control studies that assessed the relationship of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes from 1966 to February 2013. A restricted cubic spline random-effects model was used.

          RESULTS

          Twenty-eight prospective studies were included in the analysis, with 1,109,272 study participants and 45,335 cases of type 2 diabetes. The follow-up duration ranged from 10 months to 20 years. Compared with no or rare coffee consumption, the relative risk (RR; 95% CI) for diabetes was 0.92 (0.90–0.94), 0.85 (0.82–0.88), 0.79 (0.75–0.83), 0.75 (0.71–0.80), 0.71 (0.65–0.76), and 0.67 (0.61–0.74) for 1–6 cups/day, respectively. The RR of diabetes for a 1 cup/day increase was 0.91 (0.89–0.94) for caffeinated coffee consumption and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) for decaffeinated coffee consumption ( P for difference = 0.17).

          CONCLUSIONS

          Coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced diabetes risk.

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          Most cited references36

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          Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

          Sarah E Wild, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green … (2004)
          The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations' population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65 years of age. These findings indicate that the "diabetes epidemic" will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.
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            Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.

            D. M. Nathan (1993)
            Article 0 comments Cited 296 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

              Eduardo Salazar-Martinez, Walter C. Willett, Alberto Ascherio … (2004)
              In small, short-term studies, acute administration of caffeine decreases insulin sensitivity and impairs glucose tolerance. To examine the long-term relationship between consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prospective cohort study. The Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. The authors followed 41 934 men from 1986 to 1998 and 84 276 women from 1980 to 1998. These participants did not have diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. Coffee consumption was assessed every 2 to 4 years through validated questionnaires. The authors documented 1333 new cases of type 2 diabetes in men and 4085 new cases in women. The authors found an inverse association between coffee intake and type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other risk factors. The multivariate relative risks for diabetes according to regular coffee consumption categories (0, or =6 cups per day) in men were 1.00, 0.98, 0.93, 0.71, and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82; P = 0.007 for trend), respectively. The corresponding multivariate relative risks in women were 1.00, 1.16, 0.99, 0.70, and 0.71 (CI, 0.56 to 0.89; P < 0.001 for trend), respectively. For decaffeinated coffee, the multivariate relative risks comparing persons who drank 4 cups or more per day with nondrinkers were 0.74 (CI, 0.48 to 1.12) for men and 0.85 (CI, 0.61 to 1.17) for women. Total caffeine intake from coffee and other sources was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for diabetes in both men and women. These data suggest that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for type 2 diabetes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diabetes Care
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diabetes Care
                Journal ID (hwp): diacare
                Journal ID (pmc): dcare
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Diabetes Care
                Title: Diabetes Care
                Publisher: American Diabetes Association
                ISSN (Print): 0149-5992
                ISSN (Electronic): 1935-5548
                Publication date (Print): February 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 January 2014
                Volume: 37
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 569-586
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
                [2] 2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
                [3] 3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
                [4] 4Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Frank B. Hu, nhbfh@ 123456channing.harvard.edu .
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1203
                DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1203
                PMC ID: 3898757
                PubMed ID: 24459154
                SO-VID: ecab3cb7-7141-4884-a222-ef203e9453cd
                Copyright © © 2014 by the American Diabetes Association.
                License:

                Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

                History
                Date received : 22 May 2013
                Date accepted : 27 September 2013
                Page count
                Pages: 18
                Categories
                Subject: Meta-Analysis

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes

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