Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin

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Abstract

Atypical fish diversity gradients suggest a recent formation of the Amazon system such as we know it today.

Abstract

Using the most comprehensive fish occurrence database, we evaluated the importance of ecological and historical drivers in diversity patterns of subdrainage basins across the Amazon system. Linear models reveal the influence of climatic conditions, habitat size and sub-basin isolation on species diversity. Unexpectedly, the species richness model also highlighted a negative upriver-downriver gradient, contrary to predictions of increasing richness at more downriver locations along fluvial gradients. This reverse gradient may be linked to the history of the Amazon drainage network, which, after isolation as western and eastern basins throughout the Miocene, only began flowing eastward 1–9 million years (Ma) ago. Our results suggest that the main center of fish diversity was located westward, with fish dispersal progressing eastward after the basins were united and the Amazon River assumed its modern course toward the Atlantic. This dispersal process seems not yet achieved, suggesting a recent formation of the current Amazon system.

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Most cited references 54

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Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the triassic.

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Advances in sequence stratigraphy and the development of depositional models have helped explain the origin of genetically related sedimentary packages during sea level cycles. These concepts have provided the basis for the recognition of sea level events in subsurface data and in outcrops of marine sediments around the world. Knowledge of these events has led to a new generation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic global cycle charts that chronicle the history of sea level fluctuations during the past 250 million years in greater detail than was possible from seismic-stratigraphic data alone. An effort has been made to develop a realistic and accurate time scale and widely applicable chronostratigraphy and to integrate depositional sequences documented in public domain outcrop sections from various basins with this chronostratigraphic framework. A description of this approach and an account of the results, illustrated by sea level cycle charts of the Cenozoic, Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic intervals, are presented.

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The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change.

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We review Phanerozoic sea-level changes [543 million years ago (Ma) to the present] on various time scales and present a new sea-level record for the past 100 million years (My). Long-term sea level peaked at 100 +/- 50 meters during the Cretaceous, implying that ocean-crust production rates were much lower than previously inferred. Sea level mirrors oxygen isotope variations, reflecting ice-volume change on the 10(4)- to 10(6)-year scale, but a link between oxygen isotope and sea level on the 10(7)-year scale must be due to temperature changes that we attribute to tectonically controlled carbon dioxide variations. Sea-level change has influenced phytoplankton evolution, ocean chemistry, and the loci of carbonate, organic carbon, and siliciclastic sediment burial. Over the past 100 My, sea-level changes reflect global climate evolution from a time of ephemeral Antarctic ice sheets (100 to 33 Ma), through a time of large ice sheets primarily in Antarctica (33 to 2.5 Ma), to a world with large Antarctic and large, variable Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (2.5 Ma to the present).

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A comprehensive framework for global patterns in biodiversity

Robert Ricklefs (2004)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Adv

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Adv

Journal ID (publisher-id): SciAdv

Journal ID (hwp): advances

Title: Science Advances

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN (Electronic): 2375-2548

Publication date Collection: September 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 11 September 2019

Volume: 5

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: eaav8681

Affiliations

[1 ]UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.

[2 ]Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.

[3 ]University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.

[4 ]Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

[5 ]Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d’Orbigny, Av. Potosí 1458, zona Queru Queru, Cochabamba, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia.

[6 ]Department of Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

[7 ]Department of Biology, University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

[8 ]Research Institute for Nature and Forrest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.

[9 ]Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

[10 ]Departamento de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Lima, Perú.

[11 ]UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

[12 ]Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Calle Sucre y Parque La Torre s/n, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

[13 ]Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

[14 ]Departamento de Ictiología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia.

[15 ]Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Doutor Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Encruzilhada, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.

[16 ]Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.

[17 ]Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Email: thierry.oberdorff@ 123456ird.fr (T.O.); murilosd@ 123456hotmail.com (M.S.D.)

[†]

Deceased.

Author information

Thierry Oberdorff http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-2599

Murilo S. Dias http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-5284

Céline Jézéquel http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-1467

Caroline C. Arantes http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-1499

Fernando M. Carvajal-Valleros http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-490X

R. G. Frederico http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8858-6426

Max Hidalgo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0071-5159

Bernard Hugueny http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1843-5662

Mabel Maldonado http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-5635

Javier Maldonado-Ocampo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-237X

Koen Martens http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-973X

Hernan Ortega http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-2598

Jaime Sarmiento http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-5956

Pablo A. Tedesco http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-5928

Gislene Torrente-Vilara http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-7691

Kirk O. Winemiller http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0236-5129

Jansen Zuanon http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-2750

Article

Publisher ID: aav8681

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8681

PMC ID: 6739107

PubMed ID: 31535018

SO-VID: eca00cc6-36a7-4ab3-b41b-56443a051193

Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 27 October 2018

Date accepted : 08 August 2019

Funding

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001, National Science Foundation;

Award ID: 0614334

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Agence Nationale de la Recherche;

Award ID: ANR-10-LABX-25-01, ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;

Award ID: 6632/14-9

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;

Award ID: 313183/2014-7

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;

Award ID: 150784/2015-5

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004916, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas;

Award ID: PAREV/FAPEAM 019/2010

Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo;

Award ID: 2016/07910-0

Funded by: European Union - Latin America and Caribbean;

Award ID: ELAC2014/ DCC-0210

Funded by: EU ERA-NET BiodivERsA;

Award ID: 3-2015-26

Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Pará;

Award ID: ICAAF #094/2016

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Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin

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Abiotic gradients in fragmented landscapes

Most cited references 54

Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the triassic.

The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change.

A comprehensive framework for global patterns in biodiversity

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