Fabrication of symmetric supercapacitors based on MOF-derived nanoporous carbons

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Abstract

We design novel symmetric supercapacitors based on nanoporous carbons (NPCs) by direct carbonization of Zn-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).

Abstract

Nanoporous carbon (NPC) materials with high specific surface area have attracted considerable attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. In the present work, we have designed novel symmetric supercapacitors based on NPC by direct carbonization of Zn-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) without using an additional precursor. By controlling the reaction conditions in the present study, we synthesized NPC with two different particle sizes. The effects of particle size and mass loadings on supercapacitor performance have been carefully evaluated. Our NPC materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 251 F g ⁻¹ in 1 M H ₂SO ₄ electrolyte. The symmetric supercapacitor studies show that these efficient electrodes have good capacitance, high stability, and good rate capability.

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Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer.

J Chmiola, G Yushin, Y Gogotsi … (2006)

Carbon supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices that use ion adsorption on the surface of highly porous materials to store charge, have numerous advantages over other power-source technologies, but could realize further gains if their electrodes were properly optimized. Studying the effect of the pore size on capacitance could potentially improve performance by maximizing the electrode surface area accessible to electrolyte ions, but until recently, no studies had addressed the lower size limit of accessible pores. Using carbide-derived carbon, we generated pores with average sizes from 0.6 to 2.25 nanometer and studied double-layer capacitance in an organic electrolyte. The results challenge the long-held axiom that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions are incapable of contributing to charge storage.

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Metal-organic framework as a template for porous carbon synthesis.

Bo Liu, Hiroshi Shioyama, Tomoki Akita … (2008)

Porous carbon was synthesized by heating the precursor FA within the pores of MOF-5. The resultant carbon displayed a high specific surface area (BET, 2872 m2.g-1) and important hydrogen uptake (2.6 wt % at 760 Torr, -196 degrees C) as well as excellent electrochemical properties as an electrode material for electrochemical double-layered capacitor (EDLC).