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      3D Mandibular Superimposition: Comparison of Regions of Reference for Voxel-Based Registration

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The aim was to evaluate three regions of reference (Björk, Modified Björk and mandibular Body) for mandibular registration testing them in a patients’ CBCT sample.

          Methods

          Mandibular 3D volumetric label maps were built from CBCTs taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2) in a sample of 16 growing subjects and labeled with eight landmarks. Registrations of T1 and T2 images relative to the different regions of reference were performed, and 3D surface models were generated. Seven mandibular dimensions were measured separately for each time-point (T1 and T2) in relation to a stable reference structure (lingual cortical of symphysis), and the T2-T1 differences were calculated. These differences were compared to differences measured between the superimposed T2 (generated from different regions of reference: Björk, Modified Björk and Mandibular Body) over T1 surface models. ICC and the Bland-Altman method tested the agreement of the changes obtained by nonsuperimposition measurements from the patients’ sample, and changes between the overlapped surfaces after registration using the different regions of reference.

          Results

          The Björk region of reference (or mask) did work properly only in 2 of 16 patients. Evaluating the two other masks (Modified Björk and Mandibular body) on patients’ scans registration, the concordance and agreement of the changes obtained from superimpositions (registered T2 over T1) compared to results obtained from non superimposed T1 and T2 separately, indicated that Mandibular Body mask displayed more consistent results.

          Conclusions

          The mandibular body mask (mandible without teeth, alveolar bone, rami and condyles) is a reliable reference for 3D regional registration.

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          Most cited references35

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          Prediction of mandibular growth rotation.

          A Björk (1969)
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            Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years.

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              Superimposition of 3D cone-beam CT models of orthognathic surgery patients.

              To evaluate the registration of 3D models from cone-beam CT (CBCT) images taken before and after orthognathic surgery for the assessment of mandibular anatomy and position. CBCT scans were taken before and after orthognathic surgery for ten patients with various malocclusions undergoing maxillary surgery only. 3D models were constructed from the CBCT images utilizing semi-automatic segmentation and manual editing. The cranial base was used to register 3D models of pre- and post-surgery scans (1 week). After registration, a novel tool allowed the visual and quantitative assessment of post-operative changes via 2D overlays of superimposed models and 3D coloured displacement maps. 3D changes in mandibular rami position after surgical procedures were clearly illustrated by the 3D colour-coded maps. The average displacement of all surfaces was 0.77 mm (SD=0.17 mm), at the posterior border 0.78 mm (SD=0.25 mm), and at the condyle 0.70 mm (SD=0.07 mm). These displacements were close to the image spatial resolution of 0.60 mm. The average interobserver differences were negligible. The range of the interobserver errors for the average of all mandibular rami surface distances was 0.02 mm (SD=0.01 mm). Our results suggest this method provides a valid and reproducible assessment of craniofacial structures for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. This technique may be used to identify different patterns of ramus and condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                23 June 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 6
                : e0157625
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
                [2 ]Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
                [3 ]School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
                [4 ]School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
                [5 ]School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
                [6 ]Institute of Public Health Studies (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
                [7 ]Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
                Medical University of South Carolina, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: ACOR MSY BQS EB TN LHSC. Performed the experiments: ACOR MSY. Analyzed the data: ACOR EB TN RRL LF LHSC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ACOR MSY BQS. Wrote the paper: ACOR EB TN LF LHSC.

                Article
                PONE-D-16-05651
                10.1371/journal.pone.0157625
                4919005
                27336366
                eb59d907-6798-4342-90cb-479978e134b2
                © 2016 Ruellas et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 February 2016
                : 2 June 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 3, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: CNPq
                Award ID: Post-Doc Scholarship: 211688/2013-4. The funder provided support in the form of scholarship for author [ACOR], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section
                Award Recipient :
                CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development)–Brazil granted a scholarship to Antonio C. O. Ruellas to develop a post-doc visiting scholar at University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, USA). The funder provided support in the form of scholarship for author (ACOR), but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Mouth
                Mandible
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Mouth
                Mandible
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Molars
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Molars
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Molars
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Molars
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Symphyses
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Symphyses
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Oral Medicine
                Orthodontics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Software Engineering
                Software Tools
                Engineering and Technology
                Software Engineering
                Software Tools
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Chin
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Chin
                Custom metadata
                To protect patient identity, CBCT data is not available. All other relevant data are within the paper.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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