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      An overview of frenal attachments

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          Abstract

          Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome. This paper highlights the different frenal attachments seen in association with various syndromic as well as non-syndromic conditions.

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          Congenital hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, hypopituitarism, imperforate anus and postaxial polydactyly--a new syndrome? Part I: clinical, causal, and pathogenetic considerations.

          G. Hall, Geza P Benke, Esteban Beckwith … (1979)
          We report on six infants with a neonatally lethal malformation syndrome of hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, postaxial polydactyly, and imperforate anus. Some, but not all, patients had laryngeal cleft, abnormal lung lobulation, renal agenesis and/or renal dysplasia, short 4th metacarpals, nail dysplasia, multiple buccal frenula, hypoadrenalism, microphallus, congenital heart defect, and intrauterine growth retardation. The infants also had hypopituitarism and hypoadrenalism. All were sporadic cases, parents were not consanguineous, chromosomes were apparently normal. Family histories were unremarkable. There was insecticide and/or herbicide exposure in several of the cases, but no exposures were common to all 6 mothers. Five of the patients were born within an 8-month period, but all in different geographic locations. It is postulated that this is a previously apparently unreported syndrome of presently unknown cause.
          Article 0 comments Cited 33 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Significance of the labial frenum attachment in periodontal disease in man. Part I. Classification and epidemiology of the labial frenum attachment.

            S Miroslav, M Lubor, P Mirko (1974)
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              Absence of the inferior labial and lingual frenula in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

              G Maggio, Carine Ervolino de Oliveira, P Toti … (2001)
              The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is based on distinctive phenotypical characteristics such as hyperelastic skin and hypermobile joints. To date, no congenital physical markers exist for identifying patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Absence of the inferior labial (100% sensitivity; 99.4% specificity) and lingual frenulum (71.4% sensitivity; 100% specificity) was found to be associated with classical and hypermobility types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Indian Soc Periodontol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Indian Soc Periodontol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JISP
                Title: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-124X
                ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1580
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2013
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 12-15
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. M. Priyanka, Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: priyanka13_28@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JISP-17-12
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.107467
                PMC ID: 3636930
                PubMed ID: 23633765
                SO-VID: eb1df07f-baf9-44d9-ba9e-bc6699f7daf8
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 February 2011
                Date accepted : 01 October 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: aberrant frena,frenulum,syndromes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: aberrant frena, frenulum, syndromes

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