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      Paleoambientes y Uso de los Recursos Leñosos por los Grupos Cazadorez-Recolectores del Noreste de Patagonia desde el Holoceno Medio Translated title: Paleoenvironments and Use of Wood Resources by Hunter-Gatherers of Northeastern Patagonia Since the Middle Holocene

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          Abstract

          Los cambios ambientales ocurridos desde el Holoceno medio-tardío en la Patagonia han tenido incumbencia en las decisiones tomadas por las poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras respecto al uso del espacio y de los recursos. En este sentido, la interacción entre la heterogeneidad del paisaje, las condiciones climáticas y el uso de los recursos por las ocupaciones humanas potencia el interés para integrar estudios palinológicos y arqueológicos en el Noreste de Patagonia. Enmarcados en proyectos de investigación arqueológica, se realizaron estudios polínicos y antracológicos en la localidad Bajo de la Quinta (40° 55' 42" S, 64° 20'19'' O), costa norte del Golfo San Matías, con el objetivo de estimar las condiciones paleoambientales en el área y el uso de los recursos leñosos por las poblaciones humanas. Se reconstruyó la historia de la vegetación a partir de una secuencia fluvio-lacustre mediante el análisis palinológico. Además, en base a los carbones recuperados durante las excavaciones arqueológicas, se analizaron los recursos leñosos utilizados para el encendido de fuegos y se infirieron las estrategias de recolección de los mismos. A partir de los 3.000 años cal AP ambos registros muestran altos porcentajes de Prosopis sp., mientras que el registro antracológico señaló asimismo altos valores de Condalia sp. En contraste, hacia los 1.000 años cal AP, el registro palinológico muestra elevados valores de Schinus sp., mientras que el antracológico señala alta frecuencia de uso de Chuquiraga sp. La mayor presión de selección por parte de taxones como Condalia sp. y Chuquiraga sp. podrían vincularse a cuestiones culturales, como pautas de selección de combustible, y, en el caso de Prosopis sp. a la disponibilidad de recursos determinada por las condiciones paleoambientales.

          Translated abstract

          Environmental changes occurred during Mid-Late Holocene have had influence over the availability of resources and the Patagonian hunter-gatherer strategies on environment use. In this sense, the interaction between landscape heterogeneity, climatic conditions and use of resources by human occupations enhances the interest to integrate archaeological and palynological studies in this region. Palynological and anthracological studies were developed in Bajo de la Quinta on San Matías Gulf northern coast (40° 55' 42'' S, 64° 20'19'' O), within archaeological research projects. The aim of these studies is to estimate the paleoenvironmental conditions and the kind of firewood resources used by the previous inhabitants of that area. Palynological analyses were performed, on a fluvio lacustrine sequence, to reconstruct the vegetational history of the area. Then, based on the analysis of the charcoal remains recovered during archaeological surveys, we identified the plant species that were used as firewood and we discussed the strategies employed for the recovery of the charcoal remains. Both records show that, since 3.000 cal years BP, there were high frequencies of Prosopis sp. But, the anthracological analyses alone show also high frequencies of Condalia sp. In contrast to the 1.000 cal AP, the pollen record shows high values of Schinus sp., while the anthracological record shows high frequency of use of Chuquiraga sp. The greatest selection pressure by taxa as Condalia sp. and Chuquiraga sp. could be linked to cultural issues, such as fuel selection patterns, and in the case of Prosopis sp. the availability of resources determined by paleoenvironmental conditions.

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          Large-Scale Control on the Patagonian Climate

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            Intcal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr BP

            A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution beyond 11.4 cal kyr BP than IntCal98. Dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples cover the period from 0–12.4 cal kyr BP. Beyond the end of the tree rings, data from marine records (corals and foraminifera) are converted to the atmospheric equivalent with a site-specific marine reservoir correction to provide terrestrial calibration from 12.4–26.0 cal kyr B P. A substantial enhancement relative to IntCal98 is the introduction of a coherent statistical approach based on a random walk model, which takes into account the uncertainty in both the calendar age and the14C age to calculate the underlying calibration curve (Buck and Blackwell, this issue). The tree-ring data sets, sources of uncertainty, and regional offsets are discussed here. The marine data sets and calibration curve for marine samples from the surface mixed layer (Marine04) are discussed in brief, but details are presented in Hughen et al. (this issue a). We do not make a recommendation for calibration beyond 26 cal kyr BP at this time; however, potential calibration data sets are compared in another paper (van der Plicht et al., this issue).
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              Biogeography of the Monte Desert

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                magallania
                Magallania (Punta Arenas)
                Magallania
                Universidad de Magallanes. Instituto de la Patagonia. Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral (Punta Arenas, , Chile )
                0718-2244
                2014
                : 42
                : 1
                : 147-163
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameInstituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas Argentina
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Argentina mamarcos@ 123456mdp.edu.ar
                [02] orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                Article
                S0718-22442014000100009 S0718-2244(14)04200100009
                10.4067/S0718-22442014000100009
                eaefa0b7-2d9d-428d-83c4-a928a58ed2d9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 March 2012
                : 08 June 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                human occupations,noreste de Patagonia,ocupaciones humanas,antracología,polen,Northeast of Patagonia,anthracology,pollen

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