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      Synergy of Microfluidics and Ultrasound : Process Intensification Challenges and Opportunities

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          Abstract

          A compact snapshot of the current convergence of novel developments relevant to chemical engineering is given. Process intensification concepts are analysed through the lens of microfluidics and sonochemistry. Economical drivers and their influence on scientific activities are mentioned, including innovation opportunities towards deployment into society. We focus on the control of cavitation as a means to improve the energy efficiency of sonochemical reactors, as well as in the solids handling with ultrasound; both are considered the most difficult hurdles for its adoption in a practical and industrial sense. Particular examples for microfluidic clogging prevention, numbering-up and scaling-up strategies are given. To conclude, an outlook of possible new directions of this active and promising combination of technologies is hinted.

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          Sonochemistry.

          K Suslick (1990)
          Ultrasound causes high-energy chemistry. It does so through the process of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid. During cavitational collapse, intense heating of the bubbles occurs. These localized hot spots have temperatures of roughly 5000 degrees C, pressures of about 500 atmospheres, and lifetimes of a few microseconds. Shock waves from cavitation in liquid-solid slurries produce high-velocity interparticle collisions, the impact of which is sufficient to melt most metals. Applications to chemical reactions exist in both homogeneous liquids and in liquid-solid systems. Of special synthetic use is the ability of ultrasound to create clean, highly reactive surfaces on metals. Ultrasound has also found important uses for initiation or enhancement of catalytic reactions, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases.
          Article 0 comments Cited 423 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels.

            Helen Song, Delai Chen, Rustem Ismagilov (2006)
            Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.
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              Acoustofluidics 7: The acoustic radiation force on small particles.

              Henrik Bruus (2012)
              In this paper, Part 7 of the thematic tutorial series "Acoustofluidics-exploiting ultrasonic standing waves, forces and acoustic streaming in microfluidic systems for cell and particle manipulation", we present the theory of the acoustic radiation force; a second-order, time-averaged effect responsible for the acoustophoretic motion of suspended, micrometre-sized particles in an ultrasound field.
              Article 0 comments Cited 209 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                David Fernandez Rivas:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-3248
                d.fernandezrivas@utwente.nl
                Simon Kuhn: simon.kuhn@kuleuven.be
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Top Curr Chem (J)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Top Curr Chem (J)
                Title: Topics in Current Chemistry (Journal)
                Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                ISSN (Print): 2365-0869
                ISSN (Electronic): 2364-8961
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 September 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 September 2016
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Volume: 374
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 70
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Carre 1.339, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
                [2 ]Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-3248
                Article
                Publisher ID: 70
                DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0070-y
                PMC ID: 5480412
                PubMed ID: 27654863
                SO-VID: ead0f065-10c1-4c77-9177-81e824174872
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2016
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 26 May 2016
                Date accepted : 30 August 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: European Research Council (BE)
                Award ID: 677169
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

                Keywords: microfluidics,ultrasound,sonochemistry,process intensification,chemical engineering,solids handling
                Data availability:
                Keywords: microfluidics, ultrasound, sonochemistry, process intensification, chemical engineering, solids handling

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