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      Vegetable Tannins Used in the Manufacture of Historic Leathers

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          Abstract

          In this review, a brief description of how animal skins were transformed in leathers in Europe using different vegetable tannins will be presented. Special attention will be dedicated to the description of the type of tannins and the characteristics of the most important type of historic leathers thus obtained. The text will also focus on the description of the techniques used in the identification of these tannins in historic objects: colorimetric tests and spectroscopic analysis.

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          Most cited references57

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          Tannins: classification and definition.

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            Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy in the Characterization of Tannins

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              Chemical modification of tannins to elaborate aromatic biobased macromolecular architectures

              This review presents different chemical modifications of tannins, an abundant source of aromatic biomolecules, to elaborate biobased polymers. Tannins are, after lignins, the most abundant source of natural aromatic biomolecules and can be an alternative feedstock for the elaboration of chemicals, building blocks to develop polymers and materials. Tannins are present in all vascular and some non-vascular plants. One of their major issues is the versatility according to their botanical origin, extraction and purification processes. During the last few decades, tannins have been exploited and chemically modified for the development of new biobased polymers, thanks to their functionality brought by phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. After a historical overview, this review summarizes the different classes of tannins. Some generalities concerning the extraction techniques of tannins and the corresponding properties are also described. This review provides in detail the different chemical modifications of tannins which have been previously reported, with corresponding pathways and applications. Finally, the main chemical pathways to obtain polymeric materials are especially presented.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                03 May 2018
                May 2018
                : 23
                : 5
                : 1081
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Artistic Studies Research Centre, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lisbon, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes, 1249-058 Lisboa, Portugal; linafalcao@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Edifício C-8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mearaujo@ 123456fc.ul.pt ; Tel.: +351-217-500-968
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-9015
                Article
                molecules-23-01081
                10.3390/molecules23051081
                6099987
                29751585
                ea622fc4-9675-4f4d-9ac4-e7c339bfe6b7
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 March 2018
                : 01 May 2018
                Categories
                Review

                tannins,vegetable tanning,european historic leathers,colorimetric tests,spectroscopy,uv-vis,ftir

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