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      The effectiveness and cultural adaptations of psychological interventions for eating disorders in East Asia: A systematic scoping review

      1 , 2 , 2
      International Journal of Eating Disorders
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          Objective

          There has been no review on eating disorder‐focused psychological interventions in East Asia. The aims of this systematic scoping review were to summarize existing and forthcoming studies and to synthesize the cultural adaptations and effectiveness of the interventions identified.

          Method

          Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PsychInfo) and seven trial registries were searched. Studies examining eating disorder (ED)‐focused psychological interventions in East Asia were included. Narrative synthesis was used for the analysis.

          Results

          Eighteen published studies and 14 ongoing/completed but unpublished studies were included. Most published studies were uncontrolled and five were feasibility studies. Among the ongoing studies, 71% are randomized controlled trials. Cognitive therapies were the main approach used, including individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internet CBT, group CBT, guided self‐help, and cognitive remediation therapy. Cultural adaptations were mostly related to language, communication style and tailoring the dietary requirements to local diets. Interventions were shortened to increase acceptability and reduce financial and time burden to patients. Overall, studies showed good acceptability, completion rates and positive effects on ED symptoms (indicated by moderate to large effect sizes or statistical significance).

          Discussion

          Studies were underpowered and uncontrolled, thus precluding meaningful interpretations of effectiveness to be made. However, the psychological interventions were acceptable and showed promise in delivery. Digital and group interventions seemed to be the most feasible given barriers in the local health systems. More controlled studies, as well as studies on children and adolescents, are needed in future.

          Public significance

          This is the first systematic scoping review examining psychological interventions for eating disorders in East Asia. Research in eating disorders has largely focused on White people and in Western countries. This review will be helpful for clinicians and researchers to understand the current state of the field through a non‐Eurocentric lens, to identify gaps and plan future research.

          Abstracta

          Objetivo

          No se ha realizado ninguna revisión sobre las intervenciones psicológicas centradas en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en Asia Oriental. Los objetivos de esta revisión sistemática fueron resumir los estudios existentes y futuros y sintetizar las adaptaciones culturales y la eficacia de las intervenciones identificadas.

          Método

          Se realizaron búsquedas en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PsychInfo) y siete registros de ensayos. Se incluyeron los estudios que examinaban las intervenciones psicológicas centradas en los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) en Asia Oriental. Para el análisis se utilizó la síntesis narrativa.

          Resultados

          Se incluyeron 18 estudios publicados y 14 estudios en curso/terminados pero no publicados. La mayoría de los estudios publicados eran no controlados y cinco eran estudios de viabilidad. Entre los estudios en curso, el 71% son ensayos controlados aleatorios. Las terapias cognitivas fueron el principal enfoque utilizado, incluida la terapia cognitivo‐conductual (TCC) individual, la TCC por Internet, la TCC grupal, la autoayuda guiada y la terapia de remediación cognitiva. Las adaptaciones culturales estuvieron relacionadas sobre todo con el idioma, el estilo de comunicación y la adaptación de los requisitos dietéticos a las dietas locales. Las intervenciones se acortaron para aumentar la aceptabilidad y reducir la carga económica y de tiempo para los pacientes. En general, los estudios mostraron una buena aceptabilidad, tasas de finalización y efectos positivos sobre los síntomas de TCA (indicados por tamaños del efecto de moderados a grandes o significación estadística).

          Discusión

          Los estudios no tenían la potencia suficiente y no estaban controlados, lo que impide realizar interpretaciones significativas de la efectividad. Sin embargo, las intervenciones psicológicas eran aceptables y prometedoras. Las intervenciones digitales y grupales parecían ser las más factibles dadas las barreras existentes en los sistemas de salud locales. En el futuro serán necesarios más estudios controlados, así como estudios sobre niños y adolescentes.

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          Most cited references59

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          Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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            PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

            Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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              Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

              Background Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filtering of searches is time consuming, and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy. Automation of systematic reviews is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making. We developed Rayyan (http://rayyan.qcri.org), a free web and mobile app, that helps expedite the initial screening of abstracts and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability. For the beta testing phase, we used two published Cochrane reviews in which included studies had been selected manually. Their searches, with 1030 records and 273 records, were uploaded to Rayyan. Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two reviews. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature. Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability, accuracy against manual methods, and the added value of the prediction feature. The “taster” review (273 records) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability. The second review (1030 records) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials. The “suggestions” and “hints,” based on the “prediction model,” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies. Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements. The survey respondents reported 40% average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools, with 34% of the respondents reporting more than 50% time savings. In addition, around 75% of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on reviews to be the two most important features of Rayyan. As of November 2016, Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of reviews totaling more than 1.6M citations. Feedback from users, obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey, has highlighted the ease in exploration of searches, the time saved, and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions. The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users. Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of reviewers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                International Journal of Eating Disorders
                Intl J Eating Disorders
                Wiley
                0276-3478
                1098-108X
                December 2023
                September 19 2023
                December 2023
                : 56
                : 12
                : 2165-2188
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Central and Northwest London NHS Foundation Trust London UK
                [2 ] Department of Psychological Medicine King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
                Article
                10.1002/eat.24061
                37726977
                ea50b274-4c12-4a80-9120-7e221d499aa3
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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