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      Antidiabetic Activity of Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera: Potent Amylase and Glucosidase Inhibitors

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          Abstract

          Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting about 220 million people worldwide. One of the most critical complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyper-glycemia (PPHG). Glucosidase inhibitor and α -amylase inhibitors are class of compounds that help in managing PPHG. Low-cost herbal treatment is recommended due to their lesser side effect for treatment of diabetes. Two plants with significant traditional therapeutic potential, namely, Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera, were tested for their efficiency to inhibit α -amylase and α -glucosidase. Stem, leaf, and flower of G. glauca and bulb of D. bulbifera were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol as well as separately with 70% ethanol. Petroleum ether extract of flower of G. glauca was found to inhibit α -amylase significantly (78.56%). Extracts were further tested against crude murine pancreatic, small intestinal, and liver glucosidase enzyme which revealed excellent inhibitory properties. α -glucosidase inhibition provided a strong in vitro evidence for confirmation of both G. glauca and D. bulbifera as excellent antidiabetic remedy. This is the first report of its kind that provides a strong biochemical basis for management of type II diabetes using G. glauca and D. bulbifera. These results provide intense rationale for further in vivo and clinical study.

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          [17] Amylases, α and β

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            Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia

            An ethnobotanical study was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants by people in Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 200 people: 70 female and 130 males, using semistructured questionnaire. Of which, six were male local healers. The informants, except the healers, were selected randomly and no appointment was made prior to the visits. Informant consensus factor (ICF) for category of aliments and the fidelity level (FL) of the medicinal plants were determined. Sixty-seven medicinal plants used as a cure for 52 aliments were documented. They are distributed across 42 families and 64 genera. The most frequently utilized plant part was the underground part (root/rhizome/bulb) (42%). The largest number of remedies was used to treat gastrointestinal disorder and parasites infections (22.8%) followed by external injuries and parasites infections (22.1%). The administration routes are oral (51.4%), external (38.6%), nasal (7.9%), and ear (2.1%). The medicinal plants that were presumed to be effective in treating a certain category of disease, such as 'mich' and febrile diseases (0.80) had higher ICF values. This probably indicates a high incidence of these types of diseases in the region, possibly due to the poor socio-economic and sanitary conditions of this people. The medicinal plants that are widely used by the local people or used as a remedy for a specific aliment have higher FL values (Carissa spinarum, Clausena anisata, Acokanthera schimperi, Calpurnia aurea, Ficus thonningii, and Cyphostemma junceum) than those that are less popular or used to treat more than one type of aliments (Plumbago zeylanicum, Dorstenia barnimiana).
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              Effect of two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, voglibose and acarbose, on postprandial hyperglycemia correlates with subjective abdominal symptoms.

              To assess the possible difference in effectiveness of 2 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, voglibose and acarbose, the relationship between postprandial hyperglycemia and subjective abdominal symptoms was investigated. A total of 21 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were recruited to a single-center, 2-period, crossover trial. The subjects were given acarbose (150 mg/d) or voglibose (0.9 mg/d) under an isocaloric diet, and the postprandial (2 hours) increment in blood glucose level, M value which is a marker for fluctuation of blood glucose levels, and subjective abdominal symptom score were monitored. There was no significant difference between the 2 agents in postprandial increment in blood glucose level, M value, and subjective symptom score. When patients were divided according to subjective symptoms, however, the sum postprandial glucose increments were significantly different according to the agent (P = .03), with favorable efficacy in patients in whom the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor caused abdominal symptoms, demonstrating a significant interaction (P = .04) between treatment and symptomatic grouping. The results demonstrated that 50 mg acarbose and 0.3 mg voglibose had similar overall effects on postprandial hyperglycemia as well as subjective symptoms, but marked interindividual variation existed. Subjective symptoms may be a predictor of the divergent clinical response to each agent.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                ECAM
                Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                1741-427X
                1741-4288
                2012
                9 July 2011
                9 July 2011
                : 2012
                : 929051
                Affiliations
                1Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
                2Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
                3Animal Sciences Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
                4Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
                5Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali 160062, India
                Author notes

                Recommended by Bhushan Patwardhan

                Article
                10.1155/2012/929051
                3140190
                21785651
                ea36d13d-9cce-483e-ad79-dafa6ea1e2a7
                Copyright © 2012 Sougata Ghosh et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 3 March 2011
                : 29 April 2011
                : 11 May 2011
                Categories
                Research Article

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Complementary & Alternative medicine

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