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      Asbestos and Iron.

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          Abstract

          Theories of disease pathogenesis following asbestos exposure have focused on the participation of iron. After exposure, an open network of negatively charged functional groups on the fiber surface complexes host metals with a preference for iron. Competition for iron between the host and the asbestos results in a functional metal deficiency. The homeostasis of iron in the host is modified by the cell response, including increased import to correct the loss of the metal to the fiber surface. The biological effects of asbestos develop in response to and are associated with the disruption of iron homeostasis. Cell iron deficiency in the host following fiber exposure activates kinases and transcription factors, which are associated with the release of mediators coordinating both inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Relative to serpentine chrysotile, the clearance of amphiboles is incomplete, resulting in translocation to the mesothelial surface of the pleura. Since the biological effect of asbestos is dependent on retention of the fiber, the sequestration of iron by the surface, and functional iron deficiency in the cell, the greater clearance (i.e., decreased persistence) of chrysotile results in its diminished impact. An inability to clear asbestos from the lower respiratory tract initiates a host process of iron biomineralization (i.e., asbestos body formation). Host cells attempt to mobilize the metal sequestered by the fiber surface by producing superoxide at the phagosome membrane. The subsequent ferrous cation is oxidized and undergoes hydrolysis, creating poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxide (i.e., ferrihydrite) included in the coat of the asbestos body.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Int J Mol Sci
          International journal of molecular sciences
          MDPI AG
          1422-0067
          1422-0067
          Aug 03 2023
          : 24
          : 15
          Affiliations
          [1 ] US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
          [2 ] Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
          [3 ] Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
          [4 ] Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
          Article
          ijms241512390
          10.3390/ijms241512390
          10419076
          37569765
          e9ad5b95-82fe-40f5-a963-a7ce1c1166d6
          History

          asbestos,ferritin,iron,lung diseases,alveolar macrophages
          asbestos, ferritin, iron, lung diseases, alveolar macrophages

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