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      Identidad-alteridad wayuu. Imágenes de lo diverso en la prensa del siglo XIX Translated title: Wayuu Identity -“Alteridad” - 19th Century Press Views on the Diversity of the Images

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          Abstract

          El presente artículo analizará los procesos de construcción de la identidad-alteridad wayuu según los discursos de las autoridades y habitantes de la Provincia de Maracaibo en el siglo XIX. El trabajo se abordó desde la perspectiva de la antropología histórica que permitió construir una mirada antropológica hacia el pasado en la cual el informante es sustituido por los testimonios de la época. En este caso se utilizaron, sistematizaron y analizaron fuentes hemerográficas publicadas en Maracaibo y Caracas entre los años 1836 y 1891. Los wayuu, habitaban en la Península de la Guajira, territorio que ocupaban exclusivamente con poca o nula ingerencia de los estados nacionales (Colombia y Venezuela) y se constituyeron en uno de los grupos amerindios que presentaron más beligerancia, resistencia y capacidad de negociación en la defensa de su territorio y cultura frente a la sociedad hegemónica del siglo XIX. Esta reconstrucción permitirá una aproximación a las imágenes construidas sobre el wayuu, su territorio, su organización socioeconómica, política y cultural, caracterizadas por ser plurivalentes, complementarias y opuestas, en la medida que se desplazan entre el temor y la necesidad del otro, el rechazo y la admiración, la minusvalía y la necesidad de protección para justificar su sometimiento, reducción y potencial uso como mano de obra barata

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This article analyzes the processes of the creation or forming of the wayuu identity-“alteridad” according to the arguments presented by the inhabitants and authorities of the Province of Maracaibo during the 19th century. The analysis will be undertaken from an historical anthropological perspective allowing us to have an anthropological glance into the past where the informant has been substituted by the historic testimonies of those years. In this case the sources were from public library records edited in Maracaibo and Caracas between the years 1836 and 1891. The wayuu people inhabited the Guajira Peninsula, a territory which is occupied, with little or no interference, by two nation states (Venezuela and Colombia). These people make up one of the American-indigenous groups that offered more resistance, belligerence and negotiation capacity in the defense of their territory and culture against the hegemonial society of the 19th century. This historical reconstruction will allow us to have an approximate image of what we believe constitutes the wayúu people, their territory, their social-economic structure, their cultural and political organization, characterized by their multiple diversity, and their ability to be simultaneously complementary and in opposition, as they move between fear of and the need for the other “culture”, rejection and admiration, and the feeling of being in an inferior position, and at the same time the need to protect themselves and to justify their submission, reduction and their potential employment as a cheap labor force

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          Most cited references21

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          Revista de Ciencias Sociales

          (2010)
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            Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela

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              Mitos. Emblemas, Indicios: Morfología e Historia

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                op
                Opción
                Opcion
                Universidad del Zulia (Maracaibo )
                1012-1587
                December 2005
                : 21
                : 48
                : 9-33
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Zulia.
                Article
                S1012-15872005000300001
                e9a7058f-865b-4e98-a86d-1b62f1bed71d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1012-1587&lng=en
                Categories
                HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY

                Sociology
                Wayuu,alterity-identity,imaginary construction,historic anthropology,identidad-alteridad,construcción imaginaria,antropología histórica

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