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      Determinación de los valores fisiológicos del sodio, el potasio y el ion calcio en plasma, con su variación pre y postejercicio, en caballos de paso fino en la sabana de Bogotá Translated title: Determination of the physiological plasmatic values of sodium, potassium and ion calcium and its pre and post exercise variations in "Paso Fino" horses in the Bogotá savannah

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          Abstract

          Este estudio presenta el análisis y los resultados del comportamiento de los electrolitos sodio (Na+), potasio (K+) y calcio iónico (iCa2+) en equinos de paso fino colombiano. Se establecieron los valores de referencia en reposo y la respuesta de los electrolitos ante el ejercicio. Se utilizaron 115 equinos en edad de competencia, hembras y machos, entre 43 y 78 meses de edad, de diferentes criaderos de la Sabana de Bogotá. Se tomaron tres muestras en diferentes tiempos: T0 (reposo), T1 (inmediatamente después de 45 minutos de ejercicio) y T2 (1 hora posejercicio). Las muestras se procesaron en un analizador portátil i-STAT®, utilizando el cartucho EG7 +, y los resultados fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva y pruebas de comparación múltiples de promedio a través de la prueba de Tukey. Como resultado, se obtuvieron los valores normales para la raza en los diferentes tiempos y se estableció la curva de comportamiento de los electrolitos según los valores estadísticamente significativos, con un nivel de confianza superior a 95%. Los resultados fueron los valores normales para la raza en los diferentes tiempos y la curva de comportamiento de los electrolitos. Los valores obtenidos en mEq/L fueron: para T0: Na+ (136,71+/-0,23), K+ (4,05+/-0,03), Ca2+ (1,58+/-0,006); para T1: Na+ (136,44+/-0,24), K+ (3,92+/-0,24), Ca2+ (1,42+/-0,0080); y para T2: Na+ (137,32+/-0,23), K+ (3,68+/-0,03), Ca2+ (1,51+/-0,009). El Na+ en el T2 aumentó significativamente después del reposo posejercicio, mientras que los valores de K+ y Ca2+ disminuyeron en T. El ion calcio aumentó de manera significativa en T2 contrariamente al K+ que disminuyó. Esta investigación busca generar un aporte a la medicina deportiva equina colombiana, ya que no hay literatura reportada sobre datos de referencia para los valores de electrolitos en la raza paso fino colombiano.

          Translated abstract

          This research intends to be a contribution to the Colombian sports equine medicine by providing data on electrolytes standards, a field where there is a substantial lack of literature. This research analyze and determines the normal values of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and ion calcium (iCa2+) electrolytes for Colombian Paso Fino horses. The establishment of the reference intervals was done at rest and after exercise. To achieve this, blood samples were taken from farms located in the Bogotá savannah. The 115 mares and stallions used for this study were actively competing with ages ranging from 43 to 78 months old. The samples were taken at three intervals: T0 (Rest), T1 (inmediately after 45 minutes of exercise), and T2 (1 hour post exercise). The samples were processed using a portable blood analyzer i-STAT® and the data was interpreted using descriptive and comparative statistic according to Tukey tests. The normal values for the breed were established and an electrolytic behavior curve was created, using values inside intervals at 95% confidence levels. The values obtained in mEq/L were: for T0: Na+ (136,71+/-0,23), K+ (4,05+/-0,03), Ca2+ (1,58+/-0,006); for T1: Na+ (136,44+/-0,24), K+ (3,92+/-0,24), Ca2+ (1,42+/-0,008); and for T2: Na+ (137,32+/-0,23), K+ (3,68+/-0,03), Ca2+(1,51+/-0,009). Na+ values increased after exercise. On the contrary K+ and Ca2+ values didn't increase in T1. Calcium increased on T2 and K+ decreased. The findings of this research will serve as a framework for future analysis. Moreover, further studies and developments in this field is recommended and will prove to be very useful for equine practitioners.

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          Most cited references37

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          Water and ion shifts in skeletal muscle of humans with intense dynamic knee extension.

          Six subjects performed one-legged dynamic knee-extension. Blood samples were drawn from the femoral artery and vein, and muscle biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps muscle. Leg blood flow was measured by the thermodilution technique, and 3H-inulin was infused for determination of extra- and intracellular muscle water shifts. During the submaximal work load (S) muscle lactate increased, whereas muscle pH remained almost constant; after maximal exercise (M) the values markedly increased for lactate and decreased for pH. Except for a release of lactate from the exercising muscles, K was continuously released throughout S, and this release increased during M. Immediately when the muscles relaxed, the K release was converted to a K re-uptake. The calculated K loss, based on v- a and flow values, agreed with the decrease in muscle K content from 458 mmol/kg dw at rest to 414 mmol/kg dw at exhaustion (P less than 0.05), as analyzed on the muscle biopsies. Muscle water content increased during S mainly because of an increased extracellular H2O, whereas during M the largest increase occurred in intracellular H2O (H2Oi). Because of the simultaneous K loss and H2Oi increase in the exercising muscle the intracellular [K] was calculated to decrease from 165 mM at rest to 129 mM at exhaustion. This decrease and an increase in extracellular [K] from 4.5 mM at rest to greater than 6.0 mM at exhaustion affects the muscle membrane excitability. Muscle fatigue may thus not only be caused by changes within the cell, affecting energy metabolism or actin-myosin reaction, but may be located at the membrane protecting the cell against overload.
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            Changes in plasma biochemistry in horses competing in a 160 km endurance ride.

            Plasma biochemical values were measured in 14 horses, before a 160 km endurance ride, immediately after 85 km, immediately after 160 km, after 30 min recovery period and the day after the ride. For statistical analysis, a group of 7 horses that completed the ride at a mean speed of 234 metres per min (m/min) (Fast Group) was compared with 7 horses that completed the ride at a mean speed of 144 m/min (Slow Group). Estimations were made of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, iron, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphate, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, gammaglutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, asparate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, cortisol and insulin. Disturbances in biochemical values associated with endurance exercise reflected dehydration, hepatic dysfunction, reduced renal function and muscle damage. The faster the speed of exercise, the greater was the stress as reflected by cortisol values. The Fast Group of horses also demonstrated lower glucose and higher CK and LD values than the Slow Group of horses. However, biochemical values the day after the ride were similar to values before the ride.
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              Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in greyhounds before and after exercise.

              After racing 722 m, 16 Greyhounds were evaluated to determine changes in hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values following exercise. Values were determined before racing (T0), immediately after racing (T1), and 3 hours after racing (T2). Significant changes detected immediately after racing included increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Significant changes in hematologic values included increases in PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Change was not detected in values for monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Other increases included those for plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, lactic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. Concentrations of potassium and urea did not change. Measurement of blood-gas and acid-base status revealed significant increases in PaO2 and base deficit, whereas PaCO2, pH, and bicarbonate decreased. Three hours after exercise, all vital signs and blood-gas and acid-base values, except for PaCO2, which was still slightly low, had returned to baseline (T0) values. Most biochemical values had also returned to baseline, although sodium, chloride, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase were still high, and urea was low. Many hematologic values were still different from baseline values, with high values for WBC, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low values for PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, and lymphocytes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmv
                Revista de Medicina Veterinaria
                Rev. Med. Vet.
                Universidad de La Salle (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0122-9354
                2389-8526
                December 2010
                : 20
                : 71-80
                Affiliations
                [07] orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) orgdiv1Departamento de Clínica y Cirugía Animal Brasil cesarandrey_equinos@ 123456ufrrj.br
                [04] orgnameUniversidad de La Salle orgdiv1Medicina Veterinaria gemendoza@ 123456unisalle.edu.co
                [03] orgnameUniversidad de La Salle orgdiv1Medicina Veterinaria jtriana@ 123456unisalle.edu.co
                [05] orgnameUniversidad de La Salle orgdiv1Medicina Veterinaria cmutis@ 123456lasalle.edu.co
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de La Salle orgdiv1Medicina Veterinaria
                [06] orgnameUniversidad de La Salle orgdiv1Medicina Veterinaria euramirez@ 123456unisalle.edu.co
                Article
                S0122-93542010000200007 S0122-9354(10)00002007
                e95a5589-1d3a-4ee5-a08a-e69757351933

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 September 2010
                : 29 January 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
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                caballos paso fino,ejercicio,electrolitos,plasma,electrolyte,exercise,paso fino horse

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