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Abstract
The effects of broiler breeder BW and nutrient intake on ovary morphology and plasma
reproductive hormone profiles were examined at photostimulation (PS) (21 wk) and at
sexual maturity (SM) in standard (STD) and low (LOW), or high (HIGH) BW birds provided
either restricted (RF) or ad libitum (AL) access to feed between PS and SM. At PS,
30 Shaver Starbro pullets at target BW were assigned to the STD treatment, and birds
either 20% heavier (HIGH) or lighter (LOW) assigned accordingly. Ten birds of each
size group were processed immediately for carcass analysis and 10 birds assigned to
each size by feed interaction group. Blood samples were taken at 3-d intervals beginning
at PS and profiles constructed for estradiol-17beta, luteinizing hormone (LH), and
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to examine the relationship between body size,
feeding level, and reproduction. Birds were processed for assessment of reproductive
traits following SM. The AL birds reached SM with 11.0 large yellow follicles (LYF)
(> 10 mm diameter) compared to 7.1 in RF birds. Small follicle atresia (< 5 mm diameter)
was low in AL birds (10.3) compared to RF birds (32.3). The extent of small follicle
atresia in RF birds was found to be inversely proportional to LYF number by stepwise
regression. Increased small follicle atresia was associated with a longer sexual maturation
period in RF birds (r = 0.619; P = 0.0003). Plasma estradiol-17beta concentration
was greater in HIGH than in STD or LOW birds at PS, suggesting more advanced ovary
development in HIGH birds. Estradiol-17beta profiles were similar in shape in all
treatments, with the primary difference being the length of time prior to a substantial
estradiol-17beta increase. Following PS, plasma LH and FSH concentrations of AL birds
increased to levels nearly double that of RF birds, indicating a role for nutrient
intake with rate of reproductive development. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations remained
elevated for a greater time period in RF birds, however, possibly relating to the
development of processes limiting LYF recruitment. This experiment demonstrated a
modulation of reproductive hormone concentrations during sexual maturation by feeding
level in conjunction with a sensitivity of the ovary to nutritional effects.