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      Record-Making, Research, and Removal: Mitigating Impacts on Rock Art in a CRM Context in Southern Africa—the Case of the Metolong Dam, Lesotho

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          Abstract

          This paper reports on the steps taken to mitigate the impact of the Metolong Dam (Lesotho) on the rock art present within the catchment of its associated reservoir. Mitigation took four major forms: comprehensive survey and documentation, including both photography and tracing; pigment characterization and radiocarbon dating; exploration of the ongoing significance of rock art as a form of living heritage for people living in the vicinity; and removal of selected panels for permanent safekeeping. These steps are placed within the wider context of other cultural heritage management projects in Africa and their success evaluated. Recommendations are made for how similar work should be undertaken in future.

          Résumé

          Cet article rend compte des mesures prises pour atténuer l'impact du barrage de Metolong (Lesotho) sur l'art rupestre présent dans le bassin versant de son réservoir associé. L'atténuation a pris quatre formes principales: une enquête et une documentation complètes, comprenant à la fois la photographie et le traçage; caractérisation des pigments et datation au radiocarbone; l'exploration de l'importance actuelle de l'art rupestre en tant que forme de patrimoine vivant pour les personnes vivant à proximité; et le retrait de certains panneaux pour une garde permanente. Ces étapes sont placées dans le contexte plus large d'autres projets de gestion du patrimoine culturel en Afrique et leur succès évalué. Des recommandations sont formulées sur la manière dont des travaux similaires devraient être entrepris à l'avenir.

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          The earliest directly dated rock paintings from southern Africa: new AMS radiocarbon dates

          Rock art worldwide has proved extremely difficult to date directly. Here, the first radiocarbon dates for rock paintings in Botswana and Lesotho are presented, along with additional dates for Later Stone Age rock art in South Africa. The samples selected for dating were identified as carbon-blacks from short-lived organic materials, meaning that the sampled pigments and the paintings that they were used to produce must be of similar age. The results reveal that southern African hunter-gatherers were creating paintings on rockshelter walls as long ago as 5723–4420 cal BP in south-eastern Botswana: the oldest such evidence yet found in southern Africa.
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            Recent Holocene Archaeology in Western and Southern Lesotho

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              Riding High : Horses, Humans and History in South Africa

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                African Archaeological Review
                Afr Archaeol Rev
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0263-0338
                1572-9842
                December 2021
                November 27 2021
                December 2021
                : 38
                : 4
                : 675-694
                Article
                10.1007/s10437-021-09464-4
                e8c06743-f67e-44cf-a9cc-4281e08a4f16
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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