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      IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMUNIDADE PASSIVA PARA O TERNEIRO Translated title: THE IMPORTANCE OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY FOR THE CALF

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          Abstract

          O colostro é essencial para a sobrevivência de terneiros. O primeiro leite contém anticorpos específicos os quais detêm a capacidade de fazer frente às principais enfermidades encontradas no meio ambiente. O colostro é muito nutritivo sendo também laxativo. A imunidade da vaca é removida ativamente da corrente circulatória e transferida para o úbere. Da glândula mamaria passa ao trato gastro-intestinal do terneiro pela ingestão e daí é absorvida pela permeabilidade intestinal e pela ausência relativa de enzimas digestivas durante esta fase. Esta revisão trata da importância da imunidade passiva, dos prejuízos econômicos causados pela ausência ou pouca ingestão do colostro bem como dos fatores que interferem nesta absorção. São revisados os principais testes utilizados para determinação de imunoglobulinas. As principais formas de prevenção e tratamento são também abordados.

          Translated abstract

          Colostrum is essential for the survival of the calf. The first milk contains specific antibodies which can provide resistance against many of the infections which the calf is likely to encounter. The colostrum is also very nutritive as well being laxative. Immunity is actively removed from the blood of the cow and enters the under. It is absorbed from the calf's small intestine due to the permeability of the gut wall and the relative lack of digestive enzymes. This review deals mainly with the importance of the passive immunity, the economic losses due to the lack or inadequate ingestion of colostrum. The factors interfering with the passive immunity are also reviewed. The main forms of prevention and treatment are also mentioned.

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          Most cited references59

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          Yield of colostrum and immunoglobulin in cattle at the first milking after parturition

          V Kruse (1970)
          SUMMARY The experimental animals consisted of 71 heifers or cows of the Black and White Danish breed (SDM), 61 heifers or cows of the Red Danish breed (RDM), and 8 heifers or cows of the Jersey breed. Highly significant differences between breeds were found in yield of colostrum at first milking after calving and in the concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) in colostrum. The RDM animals had the highest colostrum yield but the lowest Ig %. The total yield of Ig was not significantly different between RDM and SDM. The individual variation in colostrum yield, Ig %, and Ig yield was very marked. Heifers had a lower colostrum yield and Ig yield than cows in second and later lactations. For SDM the Ig % was not dependent on the lactation number. In contrast the older RDM cows had a significantly higher Ig % in colostrum than the younger cows. No effect of season of the year was found on colostrum yield, Ig %, and Ig yield. An increase of the interval between calving and the first milking caused a very significant drop in colostrum Ig %. Loss of colostrum from the udder before milking increased the probability of getting colostrum with low Ig %. The repeatability in Ig % at successive calvings was found to be high.
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            Absorption of immunoglobulin from colostrum in newborn calves

            V Kruse (1970)
            SUMMARY One hundred and forty-one calves, belonging to three different breeds, were each given one single feeding of a variable amount of colostrum from their dams at the age of 2, 6, 10, 14 or 20 hr, respectively. The increase in serum Ig concentration during the first 24 hr after colostrum feeding (Δ Ig % 24) was a function of the mass of Ig fed to the calf, the age at colostrum feeding, and the birth weight of the calf. Among these three factors the mass of Ig and the age of the calf were the two predominant factors. The absorption coefficient, expressing the absorbed fraction of a given amount of Ig, was primarily determined by the age of the calf at first feeding. Thus the absorption coefficient was reduced linearly to about half by delaying the feeding from 2 to 20 hr. Except for a negative effect of increasing amounts of colostrum in one of the breeds, no other factors were detected as responsible for variation in the efficiency of Ig absorption. Thus, the absorption coefficient appeared to be unaffected by the Ig % in the colostrum and also by the quantity of Ig given to the calf.
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              Factors influencing dairy calf mortality in Michigan.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                April 1992
                : 22
                : 1
                : 109-118
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84781992000100017
                10.1590/S0103-84781992000100017
                e8b4d1b5-6bf7-444b-84da-de8bfa40da9b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                colostrum,immunity,calf,immunodeficiency,colostro,imunidade,terneiro,imunodeficiência
                Horticulture
                colostrum, immunity, calf, immunodeficiency, colostro, imunidade, terneiro, imunodeficiência

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