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      Autotransplantation of spleen tissue in children with mansonic schistosomiasis who underwent splenectomy: Evaluation of splenic residual functions

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          Abstract

          Autotransplantation of spleen tissue is an attempt for maintenance of splenic functions when splenectomy is indicated in children. It minimizes the risks of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection and it has been done in children with severe portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis that underwent splenectomy. The purposes of this investigation were to study the morphology of the residual splenic tissue; to evaluate the residual filtration function of this splenosis; and to assess the immune response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine of these patients. Twenty-three children with portal hypertension from mansonic schistosomiasis who underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein, autotransplantation of spleen tissue into an omental pouch were evaluated for residual splenic parenchyma and functions. Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scans were used for detection of splenic nodules. The search for Howell Jolly bodies were used for assessing the filtration function and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for measuring the relative rise in titter of specific pneumococcal antibodies. Splenosis was evident in all children; however, in two there were less than five splenic nodules in the greater omentum, which was considered insufficient. Howell-Jolly bodies were found in the peripheral blood only in these two patients with less evident splenosis. The immune response was adequate in 15 patients; it was intermediate in 4 patients and inadequate in 4 patients. Autotransplantation of spleen tissue into an omental pouch is efficient in maintaining the filtration splenic function in more than 90% of the cases and the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in approximately 65% of the children.

          Translated abstract

          Transplante autólogo de tecido esplênico é uma tentativa de manter as funções esplênicas quando esplenectomia está indicado em crianças. Ele minimiza os riscos de septicemia fulminante após esplenectomia e tem sido feito em crianças com hipertensão porta severa, devido a hepato-esplenomegalia esquistossomótica, que se submeteram à esplenectomia. Os objetivos da presente investigação foram: estudar a morfologia do tecido esplênico residual; avaliar a função de filtração da esplenose; e avaliar a resposta imune à vacinação polivalente contra pneumococos destes pacientes. Vinte e três crianças com hipertensão porta, devido a esquistossomose mansônica, que se submeteram à esplenectomia, ligadura da veia gástrica esquerda, autotransplante de tecido esplênico em bolsa no omento maior foram avaliadas para as funções esplênicas residuais. Cintilografia hepatoesplênica com enxofre coloidal marcado com Tc-99m foi usado para detecção dos nódulos esplênicos. A pesquisa de corpúsculos de Howell Jolly foi usada para avaliar a função de filtração. A avaliação da resposta de anticorpos contra pneumococos foi medida pelo método de Elisa. Esplenose foi evidente em todas as crianças, contudo, em dois, foi identificado menos de cinco nódulos esplênicos no omento maior, a qual foi considerada insuficiente. Corpúsculos de Howell Jolly foram encontrados no sangue periférico somente nesses dois pacientes com esplenose menos evidente. A resposta imune foi adequada em quinze pacientes; foi intermediária em quatro pacientes e inadequada em outros quatro. Transplante autólogo de tecido esplênico em bolsa do omento maior foi considerado eficiente na manutenção da função esplênica em mais de 90% dos pacientes e da resposta imune à vacinação contra pneumococos em aproximadamente 65% das crianças.

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          Most cited references40

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          Postsplenectomy sepsis.

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            Critical evaluation of surgical treatment of schistosomotic portal hypertension

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              Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection.

              W Krivit (1977)
              One of the more intriguing aspects of the spleen is the protection against certain bacterial infections afforded by its unique vascular and immune function. There have been extensive clinical surveys which indicate an incidence of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) above that of the disease for which the splenectomy was done. In the absence of the spleen, either congenital or subsequent to surgical removal, this overwhelming sepsis has a 50% case fatality rate. The most common infective organism has been Diplococcus (tstreptococcus) pneumoniae (D. pneumoniae). Intensive investigations indicated loss of phagocytic function of the spleen, depression of serum IgM levels, a possible suppression of the lymphocyte responsiveness, and changes in opsonin-alternative complement system as potential causes of OPSI. Preventive measures against OPSI include trials of prophylactic Phenoxymethyl Penicillin (penicillin) and pneumococcal vaccine.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acb
                Acta Cirurgica Brasileira
                Acta Cir. Bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia (São Paulo )
                1678-2674
                October 1998
                : 13
                : 4
                : 212-216
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S0102-86501998000400002
                10.1590/S0102-86501998000400002
                e89b7d34-01b0-4109-b8b4-ef523fdcba7b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-8650&lng=en
                Categories
                SURGERY

                Surgery
                Autotransplantation of spleen tissue,Autologous splenic implantation,Hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis,Filtration splenic function,Immune splenic function,Pneumococcal vaccination,Autotransplante de tecido esplênico,Transplante autólogo de tecido esplênico,Esquistossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica,Função de filtração esplênica,Função imunológica esplênica,Vacinação pneumocócica

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