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      Prevalência e fatores associados à suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns em idosos: um estudo populacional Translated title: Prevalence and factors associated with suspicion common mental disorders in older adults: a population study

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns (TMCs) em idosos de um município de pequeno porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico populacional, com delineamento transversal, realizado com idosos da área urbana de Aiquara-BA. As informações sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida e de condições de saúde foram coletadas, em entrevistas, a partir de um instrumento próprio. O nível de atividade física foi averiguado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram considerados insuficientemente ativos os entrevistados que despendiam tempo < 150 mim/sem em atividade física. A identificação da suspeição de TMCs foi realizada pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire, com ponto de corte de sete ou mais respostas positivas. Para as análises inferenciais, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, regressão logística multivariada e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95,0% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados Participaram do estudo 232 idosos (58,6% mulheres), com média de idade de 71,6 ± 7,5 anos e prevalência de suspeição de TMCs de 32,6%. No modelo final de regressão, foi observado que estiveram associadas à suspeição de TMCs: as mulheres (RP: 2,49; IC95%: 1,27-4,88); os idosos com autopercepção negativa de saúde (RP: 2,73; IC95%: 1,46-5,10); os idosos que referiram ter distúrbios do sono (RP: 3,12; IC95%: 1,56-6,21); e os insuficientemente ativos (RP: 2,30; IC95%: 1,20-4,41). Conclusão Em Aiquara-BA, identificou-se elevada prevalência de suspeição de TMCs, principalmente em mulheres, nos avaliados com autopercepção de saúde negativa, entre os que referiram ter distúrbios do sono e nos participantes insuficientemente ativos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suspected common mental disorders (CMD) in older adults in a small municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Methods Population epidemiological cross-sectional study carried out with older adults from the urban area of Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle and health conditions were collected in interviews, using a specific instrument. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Respondents who dismissed time < 150 min/wk in physical activity were considered insufficiently active. The identification of suspected CMD was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, with a cut-off point of seven or more positive responses. For inferential analyses, Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (p ≤ 0.05). Results A total of 232 older adults (58.6% women), with a mean age of 71.6 ± 7.5 years participated in the study and 32.6% exhibited suspected CMD. In the final regression model, it was observed that women were associated with suspected CMD (PR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.27-4.88); older adults with self-perceived poor health (PR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.46-5.10); the older adults who reported experiencing sleep disorders (PR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.56-6.21) and those who were insufficiently active (PR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.20-4.41). Conclusion In Aiquara, BA, a high prevalence of suspected common mental disorders was identified, especially in women, in patients evaluated with negative self-perceived health, among those who reported having sleep disorders and in insufficiently active participants.

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          Most cited references64

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          World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour

          Objectives To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. Results The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. Conclusion These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.
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            The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013.

            Since the introduction of specified diagnostic criteria for mental disorders in the 1970s, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of large-scale mental health surveys providing population estimates of the combined prevalence of common mental disorders (most commonly involving mood, anxiety and substance use disorders). In this study we undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of this literature. We applied an optimized search strategy across the Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and PubMed databases, supplemented by hand searching to identify relevant surveys. We identified 174 surveys across 63 countries providing period prevalence estimates (155 surveys) and lifetime prevalence estimates (85 surveys). Random effects meta-analysis was undertaken on logit-transformed prevalence rates to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, stratified according to methodological and substantive groupings. Pooling across all studies, approximately 1 in 5 respondents (17.6%, 95% confidence interval:16.3-18.9%) were identified as meeting criteria for a common mental disorder during the 12-months preceding assessment; 29.2% (25.9-32.6%) of respondents were identified as having experienced a common mental disorder at some time during their lifetimes. A consistent gender effect in the prevalence of common mental disorder was evident; women having higher rates of mood (7.3%:4.0%) and anxiety (8.7%:4.3%) disorders during the previous 12 months and men having higher rates of substance use disorders (2.0%:7.5%), with a similar pattern for lifetime prevalence. There was also evidence of consistent regional variation in the prevalence of common mental disorder. Countries within North and South East Asia in particular displayed consistently lower one-year and lifetime prevalence estimates than other regions. One-year prevalence rates were also low among Sub-Saharan-Africa, whereas English speaking counties returned the highest lifetime prevalence estimates. Despite a substantial degree of inter-survey heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, the findings confirm that common mental disorders are highly prevalent globally, affecting people across all regions of the world. This research provides an important resource for modelling population needs based on global regional estimates of mental disorder. The reasons for regional variation in mental disorder require further investigation.
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              A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

              There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how “lifestyle factors” traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well‐being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta‐review of the top‐tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta‐analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta‐reviews, and two meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non‐pharmacological sleep‐focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jbpsiq
                Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria
                J. bras. psiquiatr.
                Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0047-2085
                1982-0208
                June 2023
                : 72
                : 2
                : 100-110
                Affiliations
                [3] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente Brazil
                [4] Guanambi Bahia orgnameUniversidade do Estado da Bahia Brazil
                [2] Augustinópolis TO orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Tocantins Brasil
                [1] Distrito Federal orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Secretaria de Informação e Saúde Digital orgdiv2Departamento de Monitoramento, Avaliação e Disseminação de Informações Estratégicas em Saúde Brazil
                [5] Jequié orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia orgdiv1Departamento de Saúde I Brazil
                Article
                S0047-20852023000200100 S0047-2085(23)07200200100
                10.1590/0047-2085000000410
                e83c036a-d8aa-4f01-87e2-071e774d3748

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 April 2022
                : 06 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos originais

                saúde mental,epidemiologia,Envelhecimento,mental health,mental disorders,Aging

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