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      A Review of Herbal Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

      review-article

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Multiple sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disorder which characterized by demyelination and axonal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Several evidences indicate that some new drugs and stem cell therapy have opened a new horizon for multiple sclerosis treatment, but current therapies are partially effective or not safe in the long term. Recently, herbal therapies represent a promising therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis disease. Here, we consider the potential benefits of some herbal compounds on different aspects of multiple sclerosis disease. The medicinal plants and their derivatives; Ginkgo biloba, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Nigella sativa,Piper methysticum, Crocus sativus, Panax ginseng, Boswellia papyrifera, Vitis vinifera, Gastrodia elata, Camellia sinensis, Oenothera biennis, MS14 and Cannabis sativa have been informed to have several therapeutic effects in MS patients.

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          Recommendations for a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS)

          DW Langdon, MP Amato, J Boringa … (2012)
          Background: Cognitive impairment in MS impacts negatively on many patients at all disease stages and in all subtypes. Full clinical cognitive assessment is expensive, requiring expert staff and special equipment. Test versions and normative data are not available for all languages and cultures. Objective: To recommend a brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that is optimized for small centers, with one or few staff members, who may not have neuropsychological training and constructed to maximize international use. Methods: An expert committee of twelve members representing the main cultural groups that have so far contributed considerable data about MS cognitive dysfunction was convened. Following exhaustive literature review, peer-reviewed articles were selected to cover a broad spectrum of cultures and scales that targeted cognitive domains vulnerable to MS. Each was rated by two committee members and candidates scales were rated on psychometric qualities (reliability, validity, and sensitivity), international application, ease of administration, feasibility in the specified context, and acceptability to patients. Results: The committee recommended the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, if only 5 minutes was available, with the addition of the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised learning trials if a further 10 minutes could be allocated for testing. Conclusions: A brief cognitive assessment for MS has been recommended. A validation protocol has been prepared for language groups and validation studies have commenced.
          Article 0 comments Cited 262 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Biological effects of resveratrol.

            L Frémont (2000)
            Resveratrol (3, 4', 5 trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occuring phytoalexin produced by some spermatophytes, such as grapevines, in response to injury. Given that it is present in grape berry skins but not in flesh, white wine contains very small amounts of resveratrol, compared to red wine. The concentrations in the form of trans- and cis- isomers of aglycone and glucosides are subjected to numerous variables. In red wine, the concentrations of the trans-isomer, which is the major form, generally ranges between 0.1 and 15 mg/L. As phenolic compound, resveratrol contributes to the antioxidant potential of red wine and thereby may play a role in the prevention of human cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol has been shown to modulate the metabolism of lipids, and to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and the aggregation of platelets. Moreover, as phytoestrogen, resveratrol may provide cardiovascular protection. This compound also possesses anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, the bioavailability and metabolic pathways must be known before drawing any conclusions on the benefits of dietary resveratrol to health.
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              Beneficial effects of green tea: A literature review

              Sabu M Chacko, Priya Thambi, Ramadasan Kuttan … (2010)
              The health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of ailments, including different types of cancer, heart disease, and liver disease, were reported. Many of these beneficial effects of green tea are related to its catechin, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, content. There is evidence from in vitro and animal studies on the underlying mechanisms of green tea catechins and their biological actions. There are also human studies on using green tea catechins to treat metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term consumption of tea catechins could be beneficial against high-fat diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes and could reduce the risk of coronary disease. Further research that conforms to international standards should be performed to monitor the pharmacological and clinical effects of green tea and to elucidate its mechanisms of action.
              Article 0 comments Cited 246 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adv Pharm Bull
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adv Pharm Bull
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Adv Pharm Bull
                Journal ID (pmc): APB
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TBZMED
                Title: Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
                Publisher: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 2228-5881
                ISSN (Electronic): 2251-7308
                Publication date (Print): November 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 November 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 575-590
                Affiliations
                1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Behshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behshahr, Iran.
                2Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
                3Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
                4Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
                5Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
                6Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: Sina Mojaverrostami, Tel: +98 21 64432348, Fax: 98 21 66419072, Email: sinamojaver@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-1168
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-5166
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-9912
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-6503
                Article
                DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.066
                PMC ID: 6311642
                PubMed ID: 30607330
                SO-VID: e7eafa94-e5c6-477f-b67d-65aae7844b5b
                Copyright © ©2018 The Authors.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

                History
                Date received : 18 May 2018
                Date revision received : 30 July 2018
                Date accepted : 15 August 2018
                Page count
                Tables: 2, References: 179, Pages: 16
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: multiple sclerosis,inflammation,demyelination,remyelination,herbal therapy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: multiple sclerosis, inflammation, demyelination, remyelination, herbal therapy

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