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      Efficacy of a cardiac rehabilitation program in a municipal sports center compared to the hospital program: randomized controlled trial eCARCEX Translated title: Eficacia de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en polideportivo municipal comparado con el programa hospitalario: ensayo controlado aleatorizado eCARCEX

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          Abstract

          Background:

          This study aimed to analyze the effects of an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in a municipal sports center on functional capacity and adherence to physical activity - among other variables - compared to an in-hospital program.

          Methods:

          Randomized clinical trial that included two parallel groups of acute coronary syndrome patients who performed a cardiac rehabilitation program that consisted of moderate physical exercise intervals along with learning healthy habits in a municipal sports center (EG) and in a tertiary hospital (CG) between September 2019 and June 2020. We collected the following data: compliance, anthropometrical, clinical, psychological variables, diet and tobacco habits, strength and functional capacity from ergospirometry.

          Results:

          Twenty-two patients completed the cardiac rehabilitation program (EG=12, CG=10). Significant improvement was observed for cholesterol, the sit-and-stand test, cardiac frequency in VT1 and VT2, and watts in VT1 in the CG, and for HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, the sit-and-stand test, and frequency, and watts in VT1 in the EG. Better achievement was found in the CG for cardiac frequency in VT2 (11.17 vs 2.88 bpm) and in EG for HDL-cholesterol (11.0 vs 0.63 mg/dL).

          Conclusions:

          We are unable to determine the effectiveness of the out-of-hospital cardiac rehabilitation program due to a lack of power (high number of withdrawals caused by COVID-19 lockdown). However, the EG achieved higher HDL-cholesterol levels, while cardiac frequency in VT2 was higher in the CG.

          Resumen

          Fundamento:

          El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca (PRC) extrahospitalario en un centro municipal deportivo sobre la capacidad funcional y la adherencia a la actividad física, entre otras variables, en comparación con un modelo hospitalario.

          Métodos:

          Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos paralelos de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo que realizaron un PRC con ejercicio físico moderado interválico coordinado con educación en hábitos saludables en un centro deportivo municipal (GE) y en un hospital terciario (GC), entre septiembre de 2019 y junio de 2020. Se analizaron variables de adherencia, antropométricas, clínicas, psicológicas, de fuerza, de prevención secundaria (dieta, tabaquismo) y capacidad funcional con la prueba de ergoespirometría.

          Resultados:

          Veintidós pacientes completaron el PRC (GC=10, GE=12). Se observaron mejoras significativas pre-post en GC (colesterol, test de la silla, frecuencia cardiaca en VT1 y VT2, y vatios en VT1) y en GE (colesterol HDL, triglicéridos, test de la silla, y frecuencia cardiaca y vatios en VT1). Estas mejoras fueron mayores en el GC para la frecuencia cardiaca en VT2 (11,17 vs 2,88 lpm) y en el GE para el colesterol HDL (11,0 vs 0,63 mg/dL).

          Conclusiones:

          Este estudio no ha podido determinar la eficacia de los PRC extrahospitalarios por falta de potencia (abundantes abandonos debidos al confinamiento por COVID-19). A pesar de ello, en el GE se observó mayor aumento en colesterol HDL que en el GC, aunque la frecuencia cardiaca en VT2 fue mayor en el GC.

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          Most cited references36

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          International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.

          Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.
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            The hospital anxiety and depression scale.

            A self-assessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would facilitate the large task of detection and management of emotional disorder in patients under investigation and treatment in medical and surgical departments.
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              2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding AcquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: Data CurationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: DisplayRole: Writing - revision and editing
                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                Sep-Dec 2023
                24 November 2023
                : 46
                : 3
                : e1050
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgnameComplutense University of Madrid orgdiv1Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry orgdiv2Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Madrid, Spain
                [2 ] orgnameMadrid Health Service orgdiv1Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv2Rehabilitation Service Madrid, Spain
                [3 ] orgnameMadrid Health Service orgdiv1Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv2Cardiology Department Madrid, Spain
                [4 ] orgnameMadrid City Council orgdiv1Plata y Castañar Municipal Sports Center Madrid, Spain
                [5 ] normalizedUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgnameComplutense University of Madrid orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Madrid, Spain
                [6 ] normalizedUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgnameComplutense University of Madrid orgdiv1Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry orgdiv2Department of Nursing Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                [Correspondence ]: Adrián Arranz Escudero [ adarranz@ 123456ucm.es ]
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work and share primary authorship.

                Conflicts of interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

                Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon responsable request.

                Ethical statement: The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (CEIm internal approval number: 19/17G). The ethical principles of biomedical research of the Declaration of Helsinki (revised in 2013), the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) on Good Clinical Practices, and the principles of the Biomedical Research Act (14/2007) were always complied with. Prior to inclusion in the study, all participants were informed of the objectives of the research and gave their written informed consent. The prototype of the study was recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov coded NCT04121702.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-641X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-9279
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-1907
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-3874
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.1050
                10750805
                37997791
                e7d0e7b7-6816-4f92-8fb4-75b068392f87

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 08 July 2023
                : 03 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Program for the intensification of research activity in the area of nursing at the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
                Funded by: Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute
                Award ID: REF i12- AY20-2018
                Funded by: Amgen Spain
                Award ID: eCARCEX
                Juan Izquierdo García is a beneficiary of a grant from the “Program for the intensification of research activity in the area of nursing at the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre” (REF i12- AY20-2018) through the Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute. This work has been funded by Amgen Spain, Madrid, Spain [Project name eCARCEX].
                Categories
                Journal Article

                cardiac rehabilitation,telerehabilitation,exercise therapy,health education,acute coronary syndrome,rehabilitación cardiaca,telerehabilitación,terapia por ejercicio,educación en salud,síndrome coronario agudo

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