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      Avaliação das condições de intubação traqueal com rocurônio aos 60 segundos em crianças, adultos e idosos Translated title: Tracheal intubation conditions at 60 seconds in children, adults and elderly patients Translated title: Evaluación de las condiciones de intubación traqueal con rocuronio a los 60 segundos en niños, adultos y ancianos

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O rocurônio apresenta um início de ação mais rápido do que todos os outros bloqueadores neuromusculares adespolarizantes disponíveis comercialmente, permitindo a intubação traqueal em tempo similar ao da succinilcolina. Além do relaxamento das cordas vocais, também é importante para uma intubação rápida e segura, em que não haja reação ao tubo traqueal ou tosse após a sua colocação. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo comparar as condições de intubação traqueal com rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) com escala clínica em crianças, adultos e idosos. MÉTODO: Após medicação pré-anestésica com midazolam, monitorização de rotina e indução da anestesia com propofol e fentanil, foram avaliadas, por escala clínica, as condições de intubação traqueal após 60 segundos, em 60 pacientes com idades entre 1 e 88 anos, estado físico ASA I a III, que receberam rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) em 5 segundos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: Grupo 1 (G1) crianças de até 12 anos, Grupo 2 (G2), adultos de 18 a 65 anos e Grupo 3 (G3), pacientes acima de 65 anos. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: as condições de intubação traqueal por escala clínica, a pressão arterial e o pulso, aferidos antes (controle),após a indução, após a injeção de rocurônio, 3 e 5 minutos após a intubação traqueal. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes foram intubados com sucesso em 60 segundos, mas as condições clinicamente aceitáveis em 100% dos casos só foram obtidas nos adultos e idosos. Três crianças foram classificadas como em condições ruins devido à presença de tosse sustentada por mais de 10 segundos. Não houve alterações significativas da pressão arterial nem da freqüência do pulso durante o estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições desse estudo, a dose de 0,6 mg.kg-1 foi suficiente para intubação traqueal em 60 segundos em adultos e idosos. No entanto, foi insuficiente para obtenção de condições de intubação traqueal clinicamente aceitáveis em 60 segundos em 100% das crianças.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rocuronium has the fastest onset as compared to all other available nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers, allowing tracheal intubation time similar to succinylcholine's. In addition to vocal cords relaxation, it is also important that there is no tube reactions (bucking) or coughing after its placement, in order to achieve fast and safe tracheal intubation. This study aimed at comparing intubation conditions after 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium at 60 seconds in children, adults and elderly patients. METHODS: Following premedication with midazolam, routine monitoring and induction with fentanyl and propofol, intubation conditions at 60s were evaluated according to clinical criteria in 60 ASA I-III patients aged 1 to 88 years who received 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium in 5 seconds. Patients were divided in three groups according to age: Group 1 (G1) children up to 12 years of age; Group 2 (G2), adults aged 18 to 65 years; Group 3 (G3) patients above 65 years of age. The following parameters were evaluated: tracheal intubation conditions by clinical criteria, blood pressure and pulse measured before induction (control), after induction, after rocuronium injection, 3 and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. RESULTS: All patients were successfully intubated in 60s, but clinically acceptable conditions in 100% of cases were only achieved in adults and elderly patients. Three children were classified as having unacceptable conditions due to sustained cough for more than 10 seconds. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse during the study. CONCLUSIONS: In the conditions of our study, 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium was sufficient for tracheal intubation in 60 seconds in adult and elderly patients. It was, however, insufficient for clinically acceptable tracheal intubation conditions in 60 seconds in 100% of children.

          Translated abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El rocuronio presenta un inicio de acción mas rápido que todos los otros bloqueadores neuromusculares adespolarizantes disponibles comercialmente, permitiendo la intubación traqueal en tiempo similar al de la succinilcolina. Además del relajamiento de las cuerdas vocales, también es importante, para una intubación rápida y segura, que no haya reacción al tubo traqueal o tos después de su colocación. Ese trabajo tiene por objetivo comparar las condiciones de intubación traqueal con rocuronio (0,6 mg.kg-1) con escala clínica en niños, adultos y ancianos. MÉTODO: Después de pre-medicación con midazolam, monitorización de rutina e inducción de la anestesia con propofol y fentanil, fueron evaluadas, por escala clínica, las condiciones de intubación traqueal después de 60 segundos, en 60 pacientes con edades entre 1 y 88 años, estado físico ASA I a III, que recibieron rocuronio (0,6 mg.kg-1) en 5 segundos. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con la faja de edad: Grupo 1 (G1) niños de hasta 12 años, Grupo 2 (G2), adultos de 18 a 65 años y Grupo 3 (G3), pacientes mayores de 65 años. Fueron analizados los siguientes parámetros: las condiciones de intubación traqueal por escala clínica, y la presión arterial y el pulso, aferidos antes (control), después de la inducción, después de la inyección de rocuronio, 3 y 5 minutos después de la intubación traqueal. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes fueron intubados con suceso en 60 segundos, más las condiciones clínicamente aceptables en 100% de los casos solo fueron obtenidas en los adultos y ancianos. Tres niños fueron clasificados con malas condiciones debido a la presencia de tos sustentada por más de 10 segundos. No hubo alteraciones significativas de la presión arterial ni de la frecuencia del pulso durante el estudio. CONCLUSIONES: En las condiciones de ese estudio, la dosis de 0,6 mg.kg-1 fue suficiente para intubación traqueal en 60 segundos en adultos y ancianos. No obstante, fue insuficiente para obtención de condiciones de intubación traqueal clínicamente aceptables en 60 segundos en 100% de los niños.

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          Most cited references36

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          Neuromuscular blocking agents in paediatric patients: influence of age on the response.

          O Meretoja (1990)
          This paper reviews the studies in which neuromuscular blocking drugs were compared in at least two different age groups of patients. Most recent studies have lead to a uniform concept of the variation of the effect of these drugs in different age groups. In general, the dose of a nondepolarizing agent required to produce a particular degree of relaxation is similar in neonates (less than one month), infants (one to twelve months) and adolescents (more than thirteen years). However, in children from three to ten years the dose is significantly greater. The maximal effect is reached more quickly in neonates and infants than in the older children and adolescents. These results can be explained by changes in sensitivity, distribution volume and muscle mass. The duration of effect of a nondepolarizing agent is significantly altered by age only in the case of vecuronium, which has a prolonged action in neonates and infants. Suxamethonium remains as the agent with the most rapid onset.
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            Tracheal intubation conditions after one minute: rocuronium and vecuronium, alone and in combination.

            Rocuronium is a recently introduced nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset and intermediate duration of action. Experimental observations have suggested that during onset it acts synergistically with other nondepolarising agents, but that at a steady state the combined action is additive. In order to investigate whether synergism during onset produces a clinical benefit we performed the following study of tracheal intubation conditions. Consenting patients presenting for elective surgery which required tracheal intubation were randomly allocated to receive a standard anaesthetic and either a twice ED95 dose of rocuronium, or vecuronium, or an equipotent mixture of both drugs. Tracheal intubation conditions were assessed after 60 s and scored as excellent, good, poor or impossible. The conditions produced in the rocuronium and the mixture groups were similar and both were significantly better than those of vecuronium. Excellent intubation conditions were achieved in 57% of the rocuronium group, 70% of the mixture group and 27% of the vecuronium group. We conclude that a mixture of rocuronium and vecuronium acts synergistically during the early part of their action and a mixture containing one ED95 of both agents provides comparable conditions for tracheal intubation as an equipotent dose of rocuronium.
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              Differential effects of propofol, thiamylal and ketamine on the cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles of the canine larynx

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rba
                Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia
                Rev. Bras. Anestesiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (Campinas )
                1806-907X
                April 2004
                : 54
                : 2
                : 204-211
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0034-70942004000200007
                10.1590/S0034-70942004000200007
                e7cbfdb6-40c8-42ec-a40f-40d7451e419d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7094&lng=en
                Categories
                ANESTHESIOLOGY

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS,TRACHEAL INTUBATION,BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES,INTUBAÇÃO TRAQUEAL

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