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      Role of Preablative-Stimulated Thyroglobulin in Prediction of Nodal and Distant Metastasis on Iodine Whole-body Scan

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          Abstract

          Sir, We read with interest the article “Role of Preablative-Stimulated Thyroglobulin in Prediction of Nodal and Distant Metastasis on Iodine Whole-Body Scan” by Prabhu et al.[1] We would like to congratulate the authors on their experience of preablative-stimulated thyroglobulin in reliably excluding metastatic disease in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We would agree with this finding of ps-Tg value in the absence of anti-Tg antibodies <1 ng/ml excluding metastasis and helping in tailoring radioiodine ablation routinely with ps-Tg >5 mg/ml and individualizing ps-Tg between 1 and 5 mg/ml. One of the most important factors in the management of DTC is the management of central neck nodes. As it is said the surgical battle of DTC is won or lost in the central comportment. The central compartment lymph node dissection (CCLND) in DTC has a crucial role, especially in prognosis and also recurrence.[2 3 4] Reoperative thyroid surgeries are fraught with increased incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism. We have few queries which may interest future readers. Did the authors perform CCLND (prophylactic and therapeutic) and what proportion of these patients had recurrence? Did any of the patients have foci of poorly differentiated carcinoma? How many patients had metastasis at the time of presentation? Did any of these patients have Contrast Enhanced computed tomography scan as preoperative imaging? Did any of these patients have raising Tg level with no finding on iodine whole-body scan which necessitated positron-emission tomography scan? Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

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          A meta-analysis of the effect of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection on locoregional recurrence rates in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

          It is not known whether prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (pCCND) in conjunction with total thyroidectomy decreases rates of locoregional recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). A meta-analysis was performed of reported recurrence rates of clinically node-negative PTC in patients treated with total thyroidectomy (TT) alone, or TT and pCCND. The primary outcome was locoregional recurrence of PTC. Eleven studies capturing 2,318 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the recurrence rate for patients undergoing TT/pCCND was 3.8 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.3-5.8]. In the six comparative studies, which included 1,740 patients, 995 patients undergoing TT and 745 patients undergoing TT/pCCND, the overall recurrence rate was 7.6:7.9 % in the TT group and 4.7 % in the TT/pCCND group. The relative risk of recurrence was 0.59 (95 % CI 0.33-1.07), favoring a lower recurrence rate in the TT/pCCND arm. The number of patients that would need to be treated (NNT) in order to prevent a single recurrence is 31. The relative risk for permanent hypocalcemia was 1.82 (95 % CI 0.51-6.5) and for permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 1.14 (95 % CI 0.46-2.83). There was no difference in recurrence or long-term complication rates between patients undergoing TT or TT/pCCND. There was a trend toward lower recurrence rates in TT/pCCND patients, with a NNT of 31 patients. On the basis of these data, routine pCCND might be considered in the hands of high-volume surgeons treating patients with clinically node-negative PTC.
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            Effect of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection on serum thyroglobulin and recommendations for adjuvant radioactive iodine in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

            Controversy exists in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (CCND) on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and recommendations for adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI). The records of 103 patients who underwent completion/total thyroidectomy for DTC between January 2009 and November 2010 were reviewed. Prophylactic CCND was defined as removal of central compartment lymph nodes with no preoperative or intraoperative evidence of lymphadenopathy. Institutional protocol included a diagnostic whole-body scan before RAI; patients with a negative scan and Tg < 2.0 did not receive adjuvant RAI. Among the 103 patients, therapeutic CCND was performed in 17 (17 %) and prophylactic CCND in 49 (48 %). Of the 49 patients, 20 (41 %) had positive cervical lymph nodes. Positive lymph nodes changed American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, node, metastasis staging in 17 patients and recommendations for RAI in 14. At a median follow-up of 21 months, there was no difference in Tg level based on the application of CCND; however, 92 % of patients with M0 disease had an undetectable Tg. One patient had recurrent DTC based on serum Tg only. Prophylactic CCND resulted in detection of unsuspected metastatic lymphadenopathy in 20 (41 %) of 49 patients and changed RAI recommendations in 14 (33 %). To date, most patients have an undetectable Tg. Longer follow-up is needed to detect potential differences in recurrent disease based on the use of CCND or long-term effects of RAI.
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              Impact of Routine Unilateral Central Neck Dissection on Preablative and Postablative Stimulated Thyroglobulin Levels after Total Thyroidectomy in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

              Background Prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) remains controversial in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Because postsurgical stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) level is a good surrogate for recurrence, the study aimed to evaluate the impact of prophylactic CND on preablative and postablative sTg levels after total thyroidectomy. Methods Of the 185 patients retrospectively analyzed, 82 (44.3%) underwent a total thyroidectomy and prophylactic CND (CND-positive group) while 103 (55.7%) underwent total thyroidectomy only (CND-negative group). All patients had no preoperative or intraoperative evidence of lymph node metastases. Clinicopathological characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and preablative and postablative sTg levels were compared between the two groups. Preablative sTg level was taken at the time of radioiodine ablation, while postablative sTg level was taken 6 months after ablation. A multivariable analysis was conducted to identify factors for preablative athyroglobulinemia (sTg < 0.5 μg/L). Results Relative to the CND-negative group, the CND-positive group had larger tumors (15 mm vs. 10 mm, P < 0.005), more extrathyroidal extension (26.8% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.003), more tumor, node, metastasis system stage III disease (32.9% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001), and more temporary hypoparathyroidism (18.3% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.017). Fourteen patients (17.1%) in the CND-positive group were upstaged from stages I/II to III as a result of prophylactic CND. The CND-positive group experienced lower median preablative sTg (<0.5 μg/L vs. 6.7 μg/L, P < 0.001) and a higher rate of preablative athyroglobulinemia (51.2% vs. 22.3%, P = 0.024), but these differences were not observed 6 months after ablation. Prophylactic CND was the only independent factor for preablative athyroglobulinemia. Conclusions Although performing prophylactic CND in total thyroidectomy may offer a more complete initial tumor resection than total thyroidectomy alone by minimizing any residual microscopic disease, such a difference becomes less noticeable 6 months after ablation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Nucl Med
                Indian J Nucl Med
                IJNM
                Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine : IJNM : The Official Journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0972-3919
                0974-0244
                Jul-Sep 2018
                : 33
                : 3
                : 266
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Sapana Bothra, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: sbothra202@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                IJNM-33-266a
                10.4103/ijnm.IJNM_46_18
                6011552
                e783f5b7-2ed2-4abe-ad83-ba19dc232a89
                Copyright: © 2018 Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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                Radiology & Imaging
                Radiology & Imaging

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