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      Quantum Information and Relativity Theory

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          Abstract

          Quantum mechanics, information theory, and relativity theory are the basic foundations of theoretical physics. The acquisition of information from a quantum system is the interface of classical and quantum physics. Essential tools for its description are Kraus matrices and positive operator valued measures (POVMs). Special relativity imposes severe restrictions on the transfer of information between distant systems. Quantum entropy is not a Lorentz covariant concept. Lorentz transformations of reduced density matrices for entangled systems may not be completely positive maps. Quantum field theory, which is necessary for a consistent description of interactions, implies a fundamental trade-off between detector reliability and localizability. General relativity produces new, counterintuitive effects, in particular when black holes (or more generally, event horizons) are involved. Most of the current concepts in quantum information theory may then require a reassessment.

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          Entanglement of Formation of an Arbitrary State of Two Qubits

          The entanglement of a pure state of a pair of quantum systems is defined as the entropy of either member of the pair. The entanglement of formation of a mixed state is defined as the minimum average entanglement of an ensemble of pure states that represents the given mixed state. An earlier paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5022 (1997)] conjectured an explicit formula for the entanglement of formation of a pair of binary quantum objects (qubits) as a function of their density matrix, and proved the formula to be true for a special class of mixed states. The present paper extends the proof to arbitrary states of this system and shows how to construct entanglement-minimizing pure-state decompositions.
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            Quantum Cryptography

            (2001)
            Quantum cryptography could well be the first application of quantum mechanics at the individual quanta level. The very fast progress in both theory and experiments over the recent years are reviewed, with emphasis on open questions and technological issues.
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              Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                04 December 2002
                2003-07-07
                Article
                10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93
                quant-ph/0212023
                e77774c3-c5c2-458b-b58f-4be8c09b137d
                History
                Custom metadata
                Rev.Mod.Phys.76:93-123,2004
                32 pages RevTeX4,4 figures, submitted to RMP. Some parts of the text deleted, many others substantially expanded and updated. One figure and two appendices added. Many new references
                quant-ph gr-qc hep-th

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