There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
<div class="section">
<a class="named-anchor" id="S1">
<!--
named anchor
-->
</a>
<h5 class="section-title" id="d1517255e106">Purpose of review</h5>
<p id="P2">Diet plays an integral role in development of inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD) and
continues to act as a mediator of intestinal inflammation once disease sets in. Most
clinicians provide little dietary guidance to IBD patients, in part due to lack of
knowledge in nutrition and lack of available nutritional resources. The purpose of
this review is to provide clinicians with a brief summary of the latest evidence behind
diets popular among IBD patients; to highlight diets with known efficacy; and to provide
guidance that may help busy practitioners.
</p>
</div><div class="section">
<a class="named-anchor" id="S2">
<!--
named anchor
-->
</a>
<h5 class="section-title" id="d1517255e111">Recent findings</h5>
<p id="P3">The latest studies show that exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) remains
the most effective
diet for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease (CD); either in the form of elemental,
semi-elemental or polymeric formulas. Recent studies also show that EEN can be useful
in complicated CD including in enterocutaneous fistulas closure and to optimize nutrition
in the pre-operative setting. Although new studies suggest that partial enteral nutrition
supplemented with elimination diets may be beneficial in ulcerative colitis (UC) and
CD, larger controlled studies are needed to support their use. The autoimmune diet
also shows promise but lacks larger studies. Recent uncontrolled clinical studies
evaluating the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) suggest that this diet may improve
biochemical markers of inflammation and induce mucosal healing, although larger studies
are needed to support its use; especially because the SCD is very restrictive. Short
term use of the low FODMAP diet is appropriate when in the setting of an acute flare
up and/or in stricturing disease, but long term restriction of FODMAPs is not recommended
given long term changes observed in the microbiome. Recent studies suggest that avoidance
of processed foods, packaged with preservatives and emulsifiers, may be important
in decreasing intestinal inflammation; many of the recent popular diets share a common
concept, avoidance of processed foods.
</p>
</div><div class="section">
<a class="named-anchor" id="S3">
<!--
named anchor
-->
</a>
<h5 class="section-title" id="d1517255e116">Summary</h5>
<p id="P4">In this review of the latest literature, we highlight that dietary studies
are still
in a rudimentary stage. Large prospective randomized control studies are underway
evaluating head to head comparisons on the efficacy of some of these diets. We offer
general guiding principles that may help gastroenterologists in the meantime.
</p>
</div>
Specific nutrients or foods have been inconsistently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) risks. Thus, we investigated associations between diet as a whole, as dietary patterns, and UC and CD risks.
The effects of dietary interventions on gut bacteria are ambiguous. Following a previous intervention study, we aimed to determine how differing diets impact gut bacteria and if bacterial profiles predict intervention response.
The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate clinical and mucosal responses to the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) in children with Crohn disease (CD).