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      Ubiquitin: Not just a one‐way ticket to the proteasome, but a therapeutic dial to fine‐tune the molecular landscape of disease

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          Abstract

          Recently, there is a rise in studies that recognize the importance of targeting ubiquitin and related molecular machinery in various therapeutic contexts. Here we briefly discuss the history of ubiquitin, its biological roles in protein degradation and beyond, as well as the current state of ubiquitin‐targeting therapeutics across diseases. We conclude that targeting ubiquitin machinery is approaching a renaissance, and tapping its full potential will require embracing a wholistic perspective of ubiquitin's multifaceted roles.

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          Most cited references45

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          Protacs: chimeric molecules that target proteins to the Skp1-Cullin-F box complex for ubiquitination and degradation.

          The intracellular levels of many proteins are regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. One of the best-characterized enzymes that catalyzes the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins is a ubiquitin ligase complex, Skp1-Cullin-F box complex containing Hrt1 (SCF). We sought to artificially target a protein to the SCF complex for ubiquitination and degradation. To this end, we tested methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2), which covalently binds the angiogenesis inhibitor ovalicin. A chimeric compound, protein-targeting chimeric molecule 1 (Protac-1), was synthesized to recruit MetAP-2 to SCF. One domain of Protac-1 contains the I kappa B alpha phosphopeptide that is recognized by the F-box protein beta-TRCP, whereas the other domain is composed of ovalicin. We show that MetAP-2 can be tethered to SCF(beta-TRCP), ubiquitinated, and degraded in a Protac-1-dependent manner. In the future, this approach may be useful for conditional inactivation of proteins, and for targeting disease-causing proteins for destruction.
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            Encoding and decoding cellular information through signaling dynamics.

            A growing number of studies are revealing that cells can send and receive information by controlling the temporal behavior (dynamics) of their signaling molecules. In this Review, we discuss what is known about the dynamics of various signaling networks and their role in controlling cellular responses. We identify general principles that are emerging in the field, focusing specifically on how the identity and quantity of a stimulus is encoded in temporal patterns, how signaling dynamics influence cellular outcomes, and how specific dynamical patterns are both shaped and interpreted by the structure of molecular networks. We conclude by discussing potential functional roles for transmitting cellular information through the dynamics of signaling molecules and possible applications for the treatment of disease. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              p53 dynamics control cell fate.

              Cells transmit information through molecular signals that often show complex dynamical patterns. The dynamic behavior of the tumor suppressor p53 varies depending on the stimulus; in response to double-strand DNA breaks, it shows a series of repeated pulses. Using a computational model, we identified a sequence of precisely timed drug additions that alter p53 pulses to instead produce a sustained p53 response. This leads to the expression of a different set of downstream genes and also alters cell fate: Cells that experience p53 pulses recover from DNA damage, whereas cells exposed to sustained p53 signaling frequently undergo senescence. Our results show that protein dynamics can be an important part of a signal, directly influencing cellular fate decisions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                RobinLee@pitt.edu
                Journal
                Clin Transl Med
                Clin Transl Med
                10.1002/(ISSN)2001-1326
                CTM2
                Clinical and Translational Medicine
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2001-1326
                17 July 2024
                July 2024
                : 14
                : 7 ( doiID: 10.1002/ctm2.v14.7 )
                : e1769
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Robin E. C. Lee, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

                Email: RobinLee@ 123456pitt.edu

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-3929
                Article
                CTM21769
                10.1002/ctm2.1769
                11255019
                39021054
                e6becf1f-1724-4bd2-9257-d69c3cb508cb
                © 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 June 2024
                : 08 July 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Pages: 7, Words: 4383
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of General Medical Sciences , doi 10.13039/100000057;
                Award ID: R35‐GM119462
                Categories
                Commentary
                Commentary
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                July 2024
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.4.5 mode:remove_FC converted:18.07.2024

                Medicine
                deubiquitylating enzyme,precision medicine,ubiquitin,ubiquitin modifying enzymes
                Medicine
                deubiquitylating enzyme, precision medicine, ubiquitin, ubiquitin modifying enzymes

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