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      Screening of bacteriocin associated genes of Streptococcus uberis strains

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          Abstract

          A wide variety of contagious and environmental bacteria can cause bovine mastitis worldwide. Antibiotic therapy is currently used for the treatment of the disease, although its intensive use leads to the emergence of resistant strains. Bacteriocins arise as potential antibacterial option for mastitis treatment. The aim of this work was to analyze bacteriocin associated genes as Streptococcus uberis ubericin A ( ubaA), ubericin A immunity protein ( ubaI), uberolysin A ( ublA), Lantibiotic nisin-U ( nsuA and nsuB) in 68 S uberis strains. Furthermore, the ability of the strains to inhibit important mastitis pathogens was assayed. Results showed that genes were present in combination and all the strains carried at least one gene. Seven bacteriocion associated gene patterns were identified. S. uberis strains were able to inhibit different mastitis pathogens and the greatest inhibition was observed in CNS strains. The results obtained provide new insights on antibacterial activity produced by S. uberis strains against different mastitis pathogens and could contribute to the development of strategies to treat intramammary infections.

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          Natural products as antimicrobial agents

          Rabin Gyawali, Salam Ibrahim (2014)
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            Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals

            Chetan Sharma, Namita Rokana, Mudit Chandra … (2018)
            Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host–microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector.
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              Efficacy of nisin in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows.

              L T Cao, J Wu, F Xie … (2007)
              Nisin is an antimicrobial polypeptide produced by Lactococcus lactis and is believed nontoxic to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate a nisin-based formulation for the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. A total of 92 cows with 107 clinically mastitic quarters were randomly assigned to nisin- (48 cows with 51 quarters) and gentamicin (GM)-treated (44 cows with 56 quarters) groups. In the nisin-treated group, cows received an intramammary infusion of nisin at a dose of 2,500,000 IU; in the GM-treated group, intramammary infusion of GM was administered at a dose of 0.8 g. Results indicated that nisin offered a clinical cure rate similar to GM (90.2 vs. 91.1%) and no difference in bacteriological cure rate than GM-treated group (60.8 vs. 44.6%, respectively). Proportion of the quarters with milk somatic cell counts <500,000 cells/mL was not different in the nisin-treated group (50.0 and 47.8%) compared with the GM-treated group (33.3 and 37.3%) 1 and 2 wk after treatment. Of 17 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 82.5% were resistant to penicillin, and 35.3% to GM, but none of them to nisin. Nisin therapy eliminated 54.5% (6 of 11) of S. aureus IMI, whereas GM eliminated 33.3% (2 of 6). Nisin in milk (4.5 +/- 0.8 IU/mL) was detected only at 12 h following intramammary infusion, which was much lower than the upper limit (500 mg/mL) allowed as preservative in milk by the China authority. Because of its efficacy in the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis, especially resistant Staph. aureus-caused IMI, as well as its safety in humans, nisin deserves further study to clarify its effects on mastitis caused by different mastitis pathogens on a larger scale.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Elina Reinoso
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 September 2019
                Publication date Collection: September 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 September 2019
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: e02393
                Affiliations
                [1]Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico -Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. ereinoso@ 123456exa.unrc.edu.ar
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2405-8440(19)36053-0 Publisher ID: e02393
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02393
                PMC ID: 6744602
                PubMed ID: 31535041
                SO-VID: e6b4d3e6-6c3a-4bc4-8987-2510a7b96c8b
                Copyright © © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 25 February 2019
                Date revision received : 1 July 2019
                Date accepted : 28 August 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: microbiology,molecular biology,genetics,streptococcus uberis,bacteriocin associated genes,bovine mastitis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, streptococcus uberis, bacteriocin associated genes, bovine mastitis

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