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      Study of the external female genitalia of 14 Rhodnius species (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) using scanning electron microscopy

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          Abstract

          Background

          Among the vectors of Chagas disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:Triatominae), there are eighteen Rhodnius species described and some are difficult to identify. The aim of this article is to contribute to the specific identification of fourteen Rhodnius spp. through morphological characters of the external female genitalia.

          Methods

          Female abdomens were cut transversely. The specimens were then prepared for examination by using scanning electron microscopy.

          Results

          The careful examination of the dorsal, posterior and ventral sides revealed characteristics that allowed the identification of each of the fourteen species.

          Conclusion

          The use of external female genitalia as characteristics are proposed as a tool for specifically identifying Rhodnius species, and an identification key for these species is presented.

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          Most cited references12

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          Phylogeny of Triatoma sherlocki (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) inferred from two mitochondrial genes suggests its location within the Triatoma brasiliensis complex.

          The phylogenetic position of Triatoma sherlocki within triatomines group was inferred by analyzing mtDNA fragments of Cyt B and 16S ribosomal RNA by using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Despite being differentiated from members of the T. brasiliensis complex on morphologic grounds, molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests T. sherlocki is a member of this complex; moreover, it was placed as a sister species of T. melanica. These suggestions were supported by robust credibility rates. Hence, we show evidence for the paraphyletic group of the "Triatoma brasiliensis complex," which should be composed of T. brasiliensis brasiliensis, T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, and T. sherlocki.
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            Rhodnius stali n. sp., afim de Rhodnius pictipers Stal, 1872 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

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              Parasite-mediated interactions within the insect vector: Trypanosoma rangeli strategies

              Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan that is non-pathogenic for humans and other mammals but causes pathology in the genus Rhodnius. T. rangeli and R. prolixus is an excellent model for studying the parasite-vector interaction, but its cycle in invertebrates remains unclear. The vector becomes infected on ingesting blood containing parasites, which subsequently develop in the gut, hemolymph and salivary glands producing short and large epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes, which are the infective forms. The importance of the T. rangeli cycle is the flagellate penetration into the gut cells and invasion of the salivary glands. The establishment of the parasite depends on the alteration of some vector defense mechanisms. Herein, we present our understanding of T. rangeli infection on the vector physiology, including gut and salivary gland invasions, hemolymph reactions and behavior alteration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasit Vectors
                Parasit Vectors
                Parasites & Vectors
                BioMed Central
                1756-3305
                2014
                9 January 2014
                : 7
                : 17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14 801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
                [2 ]Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14 800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brasil
                [3 ]Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de, Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
                [4 ]Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
                [5 ]Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
                [6 ]Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
                Article
                1756-3305-7-17
                10.1186/1756-3305-7-17
                3896706
                24405517
                e6824f74-f381-451d-8b77-18a3d4bcff27
                Copyright © 2014 da Rosa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 25 September 2013
                : 27 December 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Parasitology
                rhodnius,external female genitalia,scanning electron microscopy,triatominae
                Parasitology
                rhodnius, external female genitalia, scanning electron microscopy, triatominae

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