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      Daughter of time: the postmodern midwife (Part 2) Translated title: Filha do tempo: a parteira pós-moderna (Parte 2) Translated title: Hija del tiempo: la partera pos-moderna (Parte 2)

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          Abstract

          Any effort to make sense of the complexities of contemporary midwifery must deal not only with biomedical and governmental power structures but also with the definitions such structures impose upon midwives and the ramifications of these definitions within and across national and cultural borders. The international definition of a midwife requires graduations from a government-recognized educational program. Those who have not are not considered midwives but are labeled traditional birth attendants. Since there are myriad local names for midwives in myriad languages, the impact of this naming at local levels can be hard to assess. But on the global scale, the ramifications of the distinction between midwives who meet the international definition and those who do not have been profound. Those who do are incorporated into the health care system. Those who do not remain outside of it, and suffer multiple forms of discrimination as a result.

          Translated abstract

          Qualquer esforço para dar sentido à complexidade do processo reprodutivo na vida contemporânea se depara não só com o modelo biomédico e as estruturas governamentais de poder, mas também com as definições que tais estruturas impõem às parteiras e obstetrizes e à sua denominação, considerando-se os limites nacionais e culturais. A definição internacional de parteira demanda a formação em instituições de ensino reconhecidas pelo governo. As parteiras tradicionais não podem ser consideradas parteiras, mas são denominadas parteiras tradicionais. Há uma gama enorme de denominações para as parteiras em diversos locais, nas diversas línguas e ao longo do tempo, que torna difícil nomear este profissional. Entretanto, em escala global, pode-se reconhecer que há duas ramificações de parteira: a que está incorporada ao sistema de saúde e a que está fora dele.

          Translated abstract

          Cualquier esfuerzo para dar sentido a la complejidad del proceso reproductivo en la vida contemporánea se depara no solamente con el modelo biomédico y las estructuras gubernamentales de poder, sino con las definiciones que estas estructuras imponen a las parteras y matronas y su denominación considerándose los límites nacionales y culturales. La definición internacional de partera demanda formación en instituciones de enseñanza reconocidas por el gobierno. Las parteras tradicionales no pueden ser consideradas parteras, pero son denominadas parteras tradicionales. Hay una gama enorme de denominaciones para las parteras, en diversos locales, en las diversas lenguas y a lo largo del tiempo, y por eso es difícil nombrar a este profesional. No obstante, en escala global se puede reconocer que hay dos ramificaciones de partera: la que está incorporada al sistema de salud y la que está fuera de él.

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          Childbirth and authoritative knowledge: Cross-cultural perspectives

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            La partera profesional: articulating identity and cultural space for a new kind of midwife in Mexico.

            This article documents the emergence of a new kind of midwife in Mexico, the thoroughly postmodern partera profesional. It traces the transnational conjunctures that facilitated her creation, illustrates aspects of her philosophy and praxis, and probes her ongoing articulations of identity. These women, who are of diverse sociocultural backgrounds, initially sought training from American direct-entry midwives in the independent out-of-hospital midwifery model; now, they are adapting that model to the situation in Mexico. Through their own practices, through intensive liaison work with traditional midwives, and through organizing national midwifery conferences and meetings, they are creating midwifery as both incipient profession and nascent social movement. Some of them operate outside the medical system while others are carving a niche within it. The mere existence of these self-consciously activist midwives constitutes a critique of monological Mexican medicine and its high cesarean rates; however, these women face a long struggle to define their identities, legalize their practices, and generate a sustainable space within the emergent Mexican technocracy. To their intense dismay, this struggle must take place within the context of the escalating disappearance of the traditional midwives whom they seek to support. The tension they feel between their desire to preserve traditional midwifery and their desire to create professional midwifery is a recurrent theme. These goals alternately complement and conflict with one another, yet both are central to the partera profesional's ongoing efforts at identity articulation.
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              Home-birth emergencies in the US and Mexico: the trouble with transport

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Rev. esc. enferm. USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0080-6234
                1980-220X
                March 2008
                : 42
                : 1
                : 168-172
                Affiliations
                [01] Austin orgnameUniversity of Texas, Austin orgdiv1Department of Anthropology USA
                Article
                S0080-62342008000100022 S0080-6234(08)04200122
                e65e24b5-df2e-46f5-bfa4-523865362867

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 October 2006
                : 14 May 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                Enfermeras obstetrices,Parteira leiga,Enfermagem transcultural,Enfermeiras obstétricas,Midwives, practical,Transcultural nursing,Nurse midwives,Parteras tradicionales,Enfermería transcultural

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