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      Rift Valley fever and malaria co‐infection: A case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Key Clinical Message

          We report a case of febrile illness that was presented with mild symptoms. However, laboratory investigation confirmed a malaria and Rift Valley fever co‐infection. Healthcare providers in settings endemic with several infectious diseases should seek rolling out possibilities of other infections prior to starting treatment for achieving effective case management with less resources and better safety of patients.

          Abstract

          Here we report a case of febrile illness that confirmed to be a co‐infection of malaria and Rift Valley fever. The patient was initially diagnosed with malaria and started on treatment immediately. However, due to the lack of response to the treatment further laboratory investigations were pursued.

          Abstract

          Map of Sudan shows the area of the current case study highlighted in red and the states (shaded in blue) where outbreaks of Rift Valley fever were reported in the country during the case presentation.

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          Most cited references46

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          Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk

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            Strategic roles for behaviour change communication in a changing malaria landscape

            Strong evidence suggests that quality strategic behaviour change communication (BCC) can improve malaria prevention and treatment behaviours. As progress is made towards malaria elimination, BCC becomes an even more important tool. BCC can be used 1) to reach populations who remain at risk as transmission dynamics change (e.g. mobile populations), 2) to facilitate identification of people with asymptomatic infections and their compliance with treatment, 3) to inform communities of the optimal timing of malaria control interventions, and 4) to explain changing diagnostic concerns (e.g. increasing false negatives as parasite density and multiplicity of infections fall) and treatment guidelines. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the benefits and value for money that BCC brings to all aspects of malaria control, and to discuss areas of operations research needed as transmission dynamics change.
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              Complete genome analysis of 33 ecologically and biologically diverse Rift Valley fever virus strains reveals widespread virus movement and low genetic diversity due to recent common ancestry.

              Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is a mosquito-borne RNA virus responsible for large explosive outbreaks of acute febrile disease in humans and livestock in Africa with significant mortality and economic impact. The successful high-throughput generation of the complete genome sequence was achieved for 33 diverse RVF virus strains collected from throughout Africa and Saudi Arabia from 1944 to 2000, including strains differing in pathogenicity in disease models. While several distinct virus genetic lineages were determined, which approximately correlate with geographic origin, multiple exceptions indicative of long-distance virus movement have been found. Virus strains isolated within an epidemic (e.g., Mauritania, 1987, or Egypt, 1977 to 1978) exhibit little diversity, while those in enzootic settings (e.g., 1970s Zimbabwe) can be highly diverse. In addition, the large Saudi Arabian RVF outbreak in 2000 appears to have involved virus introduction from East Africa, based on the close ancestral relationship of a 1998 East African virus. Virus genetic diversity was low (approximately 5%) and primarily involved accumulation of mutations at an average of 2.9 x 10(-4) substitutions/site/year, although some evidence of RNA segment reassortment was found. Bayesian analysis of current RVF virus genetic diversity places the most recent common ancestor of these viruses in the late 1800s, the colonial period in Africa, a time of dramatic changes in agricultural practices and introduction of nonindigenous livestock breeds. In addition to insights into the evolution and ecology of RVF virus, these genomic data also provide a foundation for the design of molecular detection assays and prototype vaccines useful in combating this important disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                ayman.ame.ahmed@gmail.com
                Journal
                Clin Case Rep
                Clin Case Rep
                10.1002/(ISSN)2050-0904
                CCR3
                Clinical Case Reports
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2050-0904
                18 September 2023
                September 2023
                : 11
                : 9 ( doiID: 10.1002/ccr3.v11.9 )
                : e7926
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Sudan Field Epidemiology Training, Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control General Directorate Sudan Federal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan
                [ 2 ] Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan
                [ 3 ] Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
                [ 4 ] Molecular Biology Unit Sirius Training and Research Centre Khartoum Sudan
                [ 5 ] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) Allschwil Switzerland
                [ 6 ] Faculty of Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland
                [ 7 ] Institute of Endemic Diseases University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Ayman Ahmed, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

                Email: ayman.ame.ahmed@ 123456gmail.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-7374
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-9508
                Article
                CCR37926 CCR3-2023-05-0927.R1
                10.1002/ccr3.7926
                10507219
                37731970
                e5f7dab8-49d9-4820-bfab-4dce5aad3f93
                © 2023 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                : 29 August 2023
                : 11 May 2023
                : 04 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 5, Words: 3169
                Categories
                Critical Care Medicine
                Chronic Diseases
                Environmental Health
                Infectious Diseases
                Virology
                Case Report
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                September 2023
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.3.4 mode:remove_FC converted:19.09.2023

                chronic diseases,critical care medicine,environmental health,infectious diseases,virology

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