Incidence of serious gastrointestinal events among tildrakizumab‐treated patients with psoriasis : Letter to the Editor

Abstract

Dear Editor Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases with shared genetic susceptibility and immunologic aspects, mediated by the interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 axis.1 Biologic therapies targeted against IL‐17A and IL‐17 receptor A have been associated with exacerbation of IBD both in clinical trials2, 3, 4 and real‐world data.5 As IL‐17 and IL‐23 inhibitors act on the same inflammatory pathway, it is important to evaluate the effect of IL‐23 inhibitors on IBD. Here, we examined the incidence of serious gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, specifically cases of IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, reported during a phase 2b (P05495, NCT01225731) and 2 phase 3 (reSURFACE 1, NCT01722331; reSURFACE 2, NCT01729754) trials of tildrakizumab, an anti‐IL‐23p19 monoclonal antibody.6, 7 The trials included patients aged ≥18 years with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis (body surface area involvement ≥10%, Physician's Global Assessment score ≥3, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score ≥12). Patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous placebo, tildrakizumab 100 mg or tildrakizumab 200 mg at Week 0, Week 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter. Full study details and results were published previously.6, 7 This post hoc analysis was based on data from all patients with exposure to placebo, tildrakizumab 100 mg or tildrakizumab 200 mg at any time during the base study period. All adverse events (AEs) were reviewed; exposure‐adjusted incidence rates (number of events/100 patient‐years) of serious GI AEs and cases of new onset or exacerbations of pre‐existing IBD were compared across treatment groups. The analysis included 1911 patients from the three clinical trials, with a total exposure of 1927.19 patient‐years for tildrakizumab and 218.86 patient‐years for placebo. Across treatment groups, patients had similar pre‐existing medical conditions (Table 1) and 15–19% of patients had pre‐existing GI disorders (Table 1). The incidence of pre‐existing IBD was low (family history was not recorded). In total, seven patients had a history of IBD: three patients had ulcerative colitis, 1 in each of the tildrakizumab and placebo groups; two patients had Crohn's disease, both from the tildrakizumab 200‐mg group; and two patients had IBD (unclassified), both from the tildrakizumab 100‐mg group. Serious GI AEs were infrequent and observed in one patient (0.46/100 patient‐years) who received placebo, eight patients (0.80/100 patient‐years) who received tildrakizumab 100 mg and four patients (0.43/100 patient‐years) who received tildrakizumab 200 mg. There were no new cases of IBD or exacerbation of pre‐existing IBD during the study. A summary of serious GI AEs is shown in Table 2. No individual event occurred in more than one patient across the treatment groups. Table 1 Summary of pre‐existing medical conditions* Medical history PBO (N = 357) TIL 100 mg (N = 705) TIL 200 mg (N = 708) TIL total (N = 1413) Patients with ≥1 condition 357 (100) 705 (100) 708 (100) 1413 (100) Blood and lymphatic disorders 7 (2.0) 12 (1.7) 17 (2.4) 29 (2.1) Cardiac disorders 29 (8.1) 43 (6.1) 41 (5.8) 84 (5.9) Congenital, familial and genetic disorders 5 (1.4) 15 (2.1) 11 (1.6) 26 (1.8) Endocrine disorders 26 (7.3) 30 (4.3) 47 (6.6) 77 (5.4) GI disorders 69 (19.3) 128 (18.2) 103 (14.5) 231 (16.3) Hepatobiliary disorders 16 (4.5) 33 (4.7) 27 (3.8) 60 (4.2) Immune system disorders 58 (16.2) 146 (20.7) 148 (20.9) 294 (20.8) Nervous system disorders 55 (15.4) 84 (11.9) 99 (14.0) 183 (13.0) Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions 1 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 5 (0.4) Renal and urinary disorders 17 (4.8) 33 (4.7) 36 (5.1) 69 (4.9) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders 44 (12.3) 90 (12.8) 80 (11.3) 170 (12.0) Data in table are n (%) for conditions in which incidence was >0% in 1 or more treatment groups. * All patients randomized and based on part 1 treatment assignment from P05495 (phase 2b), reSURFACE 1 (phase 3) and reSURFACE 2 (phase 3) trials. GI, gastrointestinal; PBO, placebo; TIL, tildrakizumab. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Table 2 Summary of Serious GI AEs* Serious GI AEs PBO (N = 588) TIL 100 mg (N = 1083) TIL 200 mg (N = 1041) TIL Total (N = 1911) Patients with serious GI AEs 1 (0.46) 8 (0.80) 4 (0.43) 12 (0.62) Abdominal hernia 0 0 1 (0.11) 1 (0.05) Abdominal pain 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Upper abdominal pain 0 0 1 (0.11) 1 (0.05) Constipation 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Diverticulum 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Dyspepsia 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Food poisoning 1 (0.46) 0 0 0 Gastritis 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Thrombosed haemorrhoids 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Oesophageal polyp 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Pancreatitis 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.05) Acute pancreatitis 0 0 1 (0.11) 1 (0.05) Salivary gland enlargement 0 0 1 (0.11) 1 (0.05) Data in table are n (n/100 PY). * Based on data from all patients with exposure to tildrakizumab 100 mg or 200 mg at any time during the study period (up to 64 weeks). AE, adverse event; GI, gastrointestinal; PBO, placebo; PY, patient‐years; TIL, tildrakizumab. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd This analysis suggests that the IL‐23 inhibitor tildrakizumab does not induce or worsen IBD in patients with psoriasis. In contrast, clinical trials of IL‐17 and IL‐17 receptor A inhibitors showed occasional new cases and exacerbation of IBD in patients with psoriasis2 and in patients with Crohn's disease.3, 4 The differential effects might be explained by IL‐23‐independent production of IL‐17A and the protective effect of IL‐17A in the presence of epithelial injury, demonstrated in a preclinical model.8 These mechanistic hypotheses are validated by the positive results obtained with ustekinumab (IL‐12/23 inhibitor) and risankizumab (IL‐23 inhibitor) in clinical trials in patients with Crohn's disease.9, 10 Additional data on tildrakizumab from further clinical trials, clinical use and postmarketing surveillance are required to confirm the trial findings. Analyses and editorial support were funded by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.