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      Fifteen-Year Prevalence, Trajectories, and Predictors of Body Dissatisfaction From Adolescence to Middle Adulthood

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          Abstract

          Body dissatisfaction is common in adolescence and associated with negative outcomes (e.g., eating disorders). We identified common individual trajectories of body dissatisfaction from midadolescence to adulthood and predictors of divergent patterns. Participants were 1,455 individuals from four waves of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a population-based, 15-year longitudinal study. Aggregate body dissatisfaction increased over 15 years, which was largely attributable to increases in weight. Growth mixture modeling identified four common patterns of body dissatisfaction, revealing nearly 95% of individuals experienced relatively stable body dissatisfaction from adolescence through adulthood. Baseline depression, self-esteem, parental communication/caring, peer dieting, and weight-based teasing predicted differing trajectories. Body dissatisfaction appears largely stable from midadolescence onward. There may be a critical period for body image development during childhood/early adolescence. Clinicians should intervene with clients experiencing body dissatisfaction before it becomes chronic and target depression, self-esteem, parent/child connectedness, and responses to teasing and peer dieting.

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          Most cited references43

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          Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review.

          Eric Stice (2002)
          This meta-analytic review of prospective and experimental studies reveals that several accepted risk factors for eating pathology have not received empirical support (e.g., sexual abuse) or have received contradictory support (e.g.. dieting). There was consistent support for less-accepted risk factors(e.g., thin-ideal internalization) as well as emerging evidence for variables that potentiate and mitigate the effects of risk factors(e.g., social support) and factors that predict eating pathology maintenance(e.g., negative affect). In addition, certain multivariate etiologic and maintenance models received preliminary support. However, the predictive power of individual risk and maintenance factors was limited, suggesting it will be important to search for additional risk and maintenance factors, develop more comprehensive multivariate models, and address methodological limitations that attenuate effects.
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            Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology

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              Body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study.

              Given mixed findings regarding the unique trajectories of female and male adolescents' body dissatisfaction over time, comprehensive longitudinal examinations are needed. This 10-year longitudinal, population-based study, with 1902 participants from diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic backgrounds in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, examined changes in body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood. Results revealed that: (a) female and male participants' body dissatisfaction increased between middle and high school, (b) body dissatisfaction increased further during the transition to young adulthood, and (c) this increase was associated with an increase in BMI over time, such that the upward trend in body dissatisfaction became nonsignificant when BMI was controlled. These results highlight a trend in which diverse female and male youth are increasingly dissatisfied with their bodies as their BMI increases from middle school to young adulthood, and emphasize the need for targeted prevention efforts to intervene in this trajectory and mitigate potential harm.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clinical Psychological Science
                Clinical Psychological Science
                SAGE Publications
                2167-7026
                2167-7034
                November 2019
                July 29 2019
                November 2019
                : 7
                : 6
                : 1403-1415
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Harvard University
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
                [3 ]Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University
                [4 ]Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
                [5 ]Mental Health Data Science, Research Foundation for Mental Hygeine
                [6 ]Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota
                [7 ]Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
                Article
                10.1177/2167702619859331
                7451946
                32864198
                e52a5905-ad3b-4127-8025-61f0a65ee4df
                © 2019

                http://www.sagepub.com/licence-information-for-chorus

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