Increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis in subclinical hypothyroidism

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Abstract

Primary hypothyroidism (PHT) is associated with an increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and other cardiovascular disorders. PHT induces atherosclerosis (AS) through the induction of endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR). PHT promotes vasoconstriction and the development of hypertension. However, patients with subclinical PHT with normal thyroid hormones (THs) are also at risk for cardiovascular complications. In subclinical PHT, increasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels could be one of the causative factors intricate in the progression of cardiovascular complications including AS. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of PHT in AS has not been fully clarified in relation to increased TSH. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the association between increased TSH and AS, and how increased TSH may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. In addition, we also discuss how L-thyroxine treatment affects the development of AS.

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Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

Yuhua Zhu, Xuemei Xian, Zhenzhen Wang … (2018)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease; unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture, vascular stenosis, or occlusion caused by platelet aggregation and thrombosis lead to acute cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis-related inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways, bioactive lipids, and adhesion molecules. This review discusses the effects of inflammation and the systemic inflammatory signaling pathway on atherosclerosis, the role of related signaling pathways in inflammation, the formation of atherosclerosis plaques, and the prospects of treating atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Marios Papadakis: drmariospapadakis@gmail.com

Hebatallah M. Saad: heba.magdy@mau.edu.eg

Gaber El-Saber Batiha: gaberbatiha@gmail.com , dr_gaber_batiha@vetmed.dmu.edu.eg

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Thyroid Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Thyroid Res

Title: Thyroid Research

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-6614

Publication date (Electronic): 17 June 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 17 June 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 17

Electronic Location Identifier: 13

Affiliations

[1 ]Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, ( https://ror.org/02zsyt821) Sakakah, 04631 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

[2 ]Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, ( https://ror.org/05s04wy35) Baghdad, Iraq

[3 ]Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Jouf-Sakkaka, 42421 Saudi Arabia

[4 ]University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, ( https://ror.org/05t4pvx35) Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab India

[5 ]Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece

[6 ]Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Vienna, 1030 Austria

[7 ]Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, 2770 NSW Australia

[8 ]Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, ( https://ror.org/00yq55g44) Heusnerstrasse 40, Wuppertal, 42283 Germany

[9 ]Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt

[10 ]Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, ( https://ror.org/03svthf85) Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt

Author information

Athanasios Alexiou http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-7236

Article

Publisher ID: 199

DOI: 10.1186/s13044-024-00199-3

PMC ID: 11181570

PubMed ID: 38880884

SO-VID: e4bf2ec5-0b5f-4750-94ea-e39e3acd6231

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 25 September 2023

Date accepted : 8 May 2024

Funding

Funded by: Private Universität Witten/Herdecke gGmbH (3128)

Open Access :

Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes

Keywords: primary hypothyroidism,atherosclerosis,thyroid stimulating hormone

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes

Keywords: primary hypothyroidism, atherosclerosis, thyroid stimulating hormone

Increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis in subclinical hypothyroidism

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Bioscientifica Open Endocrinology

Most cited references 170

The changing landscape of atherosclerosis

Immunity and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

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