High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of pravastatin and aspirin in human plasma: Pharmacokinetic application

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Abstract

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of pravastatin and aspirin in human plasma. Furosemide was used as an internal standard. Analytes and the internal standard were extracted from human plasma by liquid–liquid extraction technique using methyl tertiary butyl ether. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a Zorbax SB-C ₁₈ column by using a mixture of 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The calibration curve obtained was linear ( r≥0.99) over the concentration range of 0.50–600.29 ng/mL for pravastatin and 20.07–2012.00 ng/mL for aspirin. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The proposed method was found to be applicable to clinical studies.

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The beneficial effects of statins are assumed to result from their ability to reduce cholesterol biosynthesis. However, because mevalonic acid is the precursor not only of cholesterol, but also of many nonsteroidal isoprenoid compounds, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase may result in pleiotropic effects. It has been shown that several statins decrease smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation and that sera from fluvastatin-treated patients interfere with its proliferation. Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages can be inhibited by different statins, while both fluvastatin and simvastatin inhibit secretion of metalloproteinases by human monocyte-derived macrophages. The antiatherosclerotic effects of statins may be achieved by modifying hypercholesterolemia and the arterial wall environment as well. Although statins rarely have severe adverse effects, interactions with other drugs deserve attention. Simvastatin, lovastatin, cerivastatin, and atorvastatin are biotransformed in the liver primarily by cytochrome P450-3A4, and are susceptible to drug interactions when co-administered with potential inhibitors of this enzyme. Indeed, pharmacokinetic interactions (e.g., increased bioavailability), myositis, and rhabdomyolysis have been reported following concurrent use of simvastatin or lovastatin and cyclosporine A, mibefradil, or nefazodone. In contrast, fluvastatin (mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450-2C9) and pravastatin (eliminated by other metabolic routes) are less subject to this interaction. Nevertheless, a 5- to 23-fold increase in pravastatin bioavailability has been reported in the presence of cyclosporine A. In summary, statins may have direct effects on the arterial wall, which may contribute to their antiatherosclerotic actions. Furthermore, some statins may have lower adverse drug interaction potential than others, which is an important determinant of safety during long-term therapy.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Srinivasa Rao Polagani

Venkateswarlu Gandu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pharm Anal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pharm Anal

Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong University

ISSN (Print): 2095-1779

ISSN (Electronic): 2214-0883

Publication date PMC-release: 04 February 2012

Publication date (Print): June 2012

Publication date (Electronic): 04 February 2012

Volume: 2

Issue: 3

Pages: 206-213

Affiliations

[a ]Research Studies, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool 518 002, India

[b ]University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India

[c ]Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 001, India

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9908153467. venkateshwarlugoud@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: S2095-1779(12)00011-1

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.01.001

PMC ID: 5760909

SO-VID: e4bbd4fd-0523-412b-935c-1527f989e35b

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

History

Date received : 14 October 2011

Date accepted : 9 January 2012

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