Risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength in older Chinese adults

Abstract

Objectives

This study sought to investigate the potential risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength (HGS) in older Chinese adults.

Methods

A total of 2702 participants aged ≥65 years from the two waves of data (2011 and 2013) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. The highest recorded HGS values (Method A) or the average HGS values (Method B) for the dominant hand were used to compute the HGS asymmetry (nondominant HGS/dominant HGS out of 0.9–1.1) and HGS weakness (male <28 kg, female <18 kg). Risk factors associated with the weak and asymmetric HGS were identified by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric HGS of varying severity differed between the two methods. Both methods identified age and illiteracy as risk factors for weak HGS with 10%–20% asymmetry. Method A also identified speech impediment, stroke, and sleep duration as additional risk factors. Similarly, both methods identified age, illiteracy, primary school education and below, diabetes, and stroke as risk factors for weak HGS and asymmetry over 30.1%. Method B additionally identified a history of falls as a risk factor. However, apart from age, the risk factors for weak HGS with 20.1%–30% asymmetry differed between the two methods—Method A identified kidney disease, while Method B identified illiteracy and asthma.

Conclusions

The results revealed that risk factors associated with the abnormal HGS in older adults varied based on the methods used to define these conditions.