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      High-intensity interval training in children and adolescents with special educational needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

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          Abstract

          Background

          High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been promoted as a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness in children and adolescents. However, there remains little consensus in the literature regarding its efficacy in children and adolescents with special educational needs (SEN). This study aimed to examine HIIT as a means of improving key health and fitness parameters in children and adolescents with SEN.

          Methods

          A systematic search was conducted on eight databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library). Studies were eligible if they 1) included an HIIT protocol, 2) examined parameters related to both physical and mental aspects of health and fitness, and 3) examined children and adolescents with SEN aged 5–17 years.

          Results

          Of the 1727 studies yielded by the database search, 13 (453 participants) were included and reviewed. We found that HIIT generally improved body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers across a spectrum of SEN (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorder, and mental illness). Improvements in mental health and cognitive performance following HIIT have also been observed.

          Conclusion

          This review provides up-to-date evidence for HIIT as a viable exercise strategy for children and adolescents with SEN. Further research investigating the benefits of HIIT in a wider range of SEN populations is warranted.

          Trial registration

          This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42022352696).

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-023-01421-5.

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          Most cited references51

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

          David Moher, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2009)
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            A power primer.

            Jacob Cohen (1992)
            One possible reason for the continued neglect of statistical power analysis in research in the behavioral sciences is the inaccessibility of or difficulty with the standard material. A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is provided here. Effect-size indexes and conventional values for these are given for operationally defined small, medium, and large effects. The sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for eight standard statistical tests: (a) the difference between independent means, (b) the significance of a product-moment correlation, (c) the difference between independent rs, (d) the sign test, (e) the difference between independent proportions, (f) chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables, (g) one-way analysis of variance, and (h) the significance of a multiple or multiple partial correlation.
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              ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions

              Jonathan AC Sterne, Miguel A. Hernán, Barnaby Reeves … (2018)
              Non-randomised studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation, but their results may be biased. It is therefore important to understand and appraise their strengths and weaknesses. We developed ROBINS-I (“Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions”), a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness (harm or benefit) of interventions from studies that did not use randomisation to allocate units (individuals or clusters of individuals) to comparison groups. The tool will be particularly useful to those undertaking systematic reviews that include non-randomised studies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 4007 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Eric Tsz-Chun Poon:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-1323
                ericpoon@eduhk.hk
                Waris Wongpipit:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-1357
                waris.w@chula.ac.th
                Fenghua Sun:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-4087
                fhsun@eduhk.hk
                Andy Choi-Yeung Tse:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-9499
                andytcy@eduhk.hk
                Cindy Hui-Ping Sit:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9992-7866
                sithp@cuhk.edu.hk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
                Title: The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5868
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 February 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 February 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 20
                Electronic Location Identifier: 13
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.419993.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1799 6254, Department of Health and Physical Education, , The Education University of Hong Kong, ; Taipo, Hong Kong
                [2 ]GRID grid.7922.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0244 7875, Division of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, , Chulalongkorn University, ; Bangkok, Thailand
                [3 ]GRID grid.10223.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0490, Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre, Institute for Population and Social Research, , Mahidol University, ; Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
                [4 ]GRID grid.10784.3a, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0482, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ; Shatin, Hong Kong
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-1323
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-1357
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-4087
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-9499
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9992-7866
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1421
                DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01421-5
                PMC ID: 9909882
                PubMed ID: 36759853
                SO-VID: e3c4f12a-2d8d-4cc7-8cb7-d58b4440c4a9
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 13 September 2022
                Date accepted : 2 February 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: hiit,interval exercise,young people,disabilities,public health
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: hiit, interval exercise, young people, disabilities, public health

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