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      Age-related changes of the cerebral ventricles of healthy domestic cats Translated title: Alterações senis dos ventrículos cerebrais de gatos domésticos hígidos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine age-related changes of the cerebral ventricles of healthy non-brachycephalic domestic cats by the acquisition of brain MRI images of 12 adult (1 to 6 years), 11 mature (7 to11 years) and 10 geriatric (12 years or more) cats. Our hypothesis is that the cerebral ventricular system of cats expands with increasing age. The possibility of the evidence of the olfactory bulb cavities and temporal horns of the lateral ventricles were evaluated in this study. Volumes of the olfactory bulb cavities, lateral ventricles (including the temporal horns), third ventricle, mesencephalic aqueduct and fourth ventricle were measured and corrected for the intracranial volume. Significant differences were found between the adult and mature groups in relation to the geriatric one for the variable related to the evidence of the temporal ventricular horns, which were most frequently visualized in geriatric cats. Percentage of the right lateral and third ventricles volume by intracranial volume were significantly higher in geriatric cats compared to the adults. The results of this study demonstrate that ventricular dilation tends to occur with advancing age in cats, as well as the increase in the frequency of the temporal ventricular horn evidence, as had been indicated in the hypothesis of the study.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: O estudo objetivou a determinação das alterações senis dos ventrículos cerebrais de gatos domésticos hígidos não braquicefálicos pela aquisição de imagens encefálicas de 12 indivíduos adultos (1 a 6 anos), 11 maduros (7 a 11 anos) e 10 geriátricos (12 anos de idade ou mais) por ressonância magnética. Nossa hipótese é de que o sistema ventricular dos gatos se expande com o avanço da idade. A possibilidade de evidenciação das cavidades do bulbo olfatório e dos cornos temporais dos ventrículos laterais foi avaliada nesse estudo. Os volumes das cavidades do bulbo olfatório, ventrículos laterais (incluindo os cornos temporais), terceiro ventrículo, aqueduto mesencefálico e quarto ventrículo foram mensurados e corrigidos de acordo com o volume intracraniano. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os grupos dos adultos e maduros em relação aos geriátricos para a variável referente à evidenciação dos cornos temporais, que foram visualizados de forma mais frequente nos gatos geriátricos. A porcentagem do volume do ventrículo lateral direito e do terceiro ventrículo em relação ao volume intracraniano foi significativamente maior nos animais geriátricos em comparação aos adultos. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que a dilatação ventricular tende a ocorrer com o avanço da idade nos gatos, assim como o aumento na frequência da evidenciação dos cornos temporais, como havia sido indicado na hipótese do estudo.

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          Effects of age on volumes of cortex, white matter and subcortical structures.

          The effect of age was investigated in and compared across 16 automatically segmented brain measures: cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, the accumbens area, caudate, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, the lateral ventricle, the inferior lateral ventricle, and the 3rd and 4th ventricle. Significant age effects were found for all volumes except pallidum and the 4th ventricle. Heterogeneous age responses were seen in that age relationships for cortex, amygdala, thalamus, the accumbens area, and caudate were linear, while cerebral white matter, hippocampus, brainstem, cerebellar white, and gray matter, as well as volume of the lateral, inferior lateral, and 3rd ventricles showed curvilinear relationships with age. In general, the findings point to global and large effects of age across brain volumes.
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            Health status and population characteristics of dogs and cats examined at private veterinary practices in the United States.

            To determine age, breed, sex, body condition score, and diet of dogs and cats examined at private veterinary practices in the United States during 1995, and estimate prevalences of the most common disorders for these animals. Cross-sectional study. 31,484 dogs and 15,226 cats examined by veterinary practitioners at 52 private veterinary practices. Information on age, breed, sex, body condition score, diet, and assigned diagnostic codes were collected electronically from participating practices and transferred to a relational database. Prevalence estimates and frequencies for population description were generated using statistical software. Dental calculus and gingivitis were the most commonly reported disorders. About 7% of dogs and 10% of cats examined by practitioners during the study were considered healthy. Many conditions were common to both species (e.g., flea infestation, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, vomiting). Dogs were likely to be examined because of lameness, disk disease, lipoma, and allergic dermatitis. Cats were likely to be examined because of renal disease, cystitis, feline urologic syndrome, and inappetence. Results can be used by veterinary practitioners to better understand and anticipate health problems of importance in cats and dogs they examine and to better communicate with clients regarding the most prevalent disorders in cats and dogs.
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              One-year age changes in MRI brain volumes in older adults.

              Longitudinal studies indicate that declines in cognition and memory accelerate after age 70 years. The neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic underpinnings of cognitive change are unclear, as there is little information on longitudinal brain changes. We are conducting a longitudinal neuroimaging study of nondemented older participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. This report focuses on age and sex differences in brain structure measured by magnetic resonance imaging during the first two annual evaluations. Cross-sectional results from 116 participants aged 59-85 years reveal significantly larger ventricular volumes and smaller gray and white matter volumes in older compared with younger participants and in men compared with women. Regional brain volumes show that the effects of age and sex are not uniform across brain regions. Age differences are greatest for the parietal region. Sex differences tend to be larger for frontal and temporal than parietal and occipital regions. Longitudinal analysis demonstrates an increase of 1526 mm(3) in ventricular volume over 1 year, but no detectable change in total or regional brain volumes. Definition of the pattern and rate of longitudinal brain changes will facilitate the detection of pathological brain changes, which may be predictors of dementia.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                October 2018
                : 38
                : 10
                : 1935-1941
                Affiliations
                [3] Botucatu orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestatística Brazil
                [2] Botucatu orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia orgdiv2Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2018001001935
                10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5208
                e3689a40-865a-4622-babc-ca8e8329add1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 April 2017
                : 21 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Small Animal Diseases

                morfologia,Senilidade,ventrículos cerebrais,gatos domésticos,neuroanatomia,ressonância magnética,dilatação,Aging,cerebral ventricles,cats,brain,neuroanatomy,magnetic resonance imaging,dilation,morphology

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