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      Late onset ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patient with COVID-19: A case report from Nepal

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Although pulmonary consequences are less common in COVID-19 than cardiac issues, it is critical to understand the cause of probable cardiac complications and put the patient on constant watch, especially if they have risk factors such as diabetes mellitus.

          Case presentation

          Here, we report a case of 82-years old male with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) that was developed as a complication of COVID-19.

          Discussion

          COVID-19 is now known to cause cardiovascular issues such as myocardial damage, heart failure, arrhythmia, and venous thromboembolism. With the involvement of COVID-19, the prevalence of cardiovascular manifestation has increased. The precise processes of extrapulmonary and systemic manifestations following COVID-19 are unknown. There is an elevated risk of cardiovascular harm, notably myocardial infraction followed by acute infection.

          Conclusion

          It is essential to understand the mechanism of potential cardiac complications and to keep the patient on close watch, especially if the patient has risk factors such as diabetes mellitus.

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          Most cited references17

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            The SCARE 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guidelines

            The SCARE Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case reports and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers, in order to increase robustness and transparency in reporting surgical cases. They must be kept up to date in order to drive forwards reporting quality. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise.
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              Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis

              Abstract The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV), which is causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in patients in Wuhan, a central city in China, is another warning of the risk of CoVs posed to public health. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of CoVs and describe diseases caused by different CoVs in humans and animals. This review will help understand the biology and potential risk of CoVs that exist in richness in wildlife such as bats.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Annals of Medicine and Surgery
                Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.
                2049-0801
                11 May 2022
                11 May 2022
                : 103764
                Affiliations
                [a ]Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, 44600, Nepal
                [b ]Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, 44600, Nepal
                [c ]Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, 44600, Nepal
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, 44600, Nepal.
                Article
                S2049-0801(22)00524-6 103764
                10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103764
                9090976
                35573472
                e31b5eb1-fedf-4321-961f-567312b8d954
                © 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 4 April 2022
                : 6 May 2022
                : 8 May 2022
                Categories
                Case Report

                covid-19,anterior mi,stemi,cag,nepal
                covid-19, anterior mi, stemi, cag, nepal

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