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      Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

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          Abstract

          Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin. The low solubility of chitosan in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Nevertheless, chemical modification into composites or hydrogels brings to it new functional properties for different applications. Chitosans are recognized as versatile biomaterials because of their non-toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review presents the recent research, trends and prospects in chitosan. Some special pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are also highlighted.

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          Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review.

          Ming Kong, Xi Chen, Ke Xing … (2010)
          Owing to its high biodegradability, and nontoxicity and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other natural polymers. To broaden chitosan's antimicrobial applicability, comprehensive knowledge of its activity is necessary. The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action. Chitosan-mediated inhibition is affected by several factors can be classified into four types as intrinsic, environmental, microorganism and physical state, according to their respective roles. In this review, different physical states are comparatively discussed. Mode of antimicrobial action is discussed in parts of the active compound (chitosan) and the target (microorganisms) collectively and independently in same complex. Finally, the general antimicrobial applications of chitosan and perspectives about future studies in this field are considered. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives.

            M. Kumar, R. Muzzarelli, C Muzzarelli … (2004)
            Article 0 comments Cited 456 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: a review.

              Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Mohd. Rafatullah, Babak Salamatinia … (2014)
              Chitosan based adsorbents have received a lot of attention for adsorption of dyes. Various modifications of this polysaccharide have been investigated to improve the adsorption properties as well as mechanical and physical characteristics of chitosan. This review paper discusses major research topics related to chitosan and its derivatives for application in the removal of dyes from water. Modification of chitosan changes the original properties of this material so that it can be more suitable for adsorption of different types of dye. Many chitosan derivatives have been obtained through chemical and physical modifications of raw chitosan that include cross-linking, grafting and impregnation of the chitosan backbone. Better understanding of these varieties and their affinity toward different types of dye can help future research to be properly oriented to address knowledge gaps in this area. This review provides better opportunity for researchers to better explore the potential of chitosan-derived adsorbents for removal of a great variety of dyes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 212 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Paola Laurienzo: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs
                Title: Marine Drugs
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 August 2015
                Publication date Collection: August 2015
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 5156-5186
                Affiliations
                School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; E-Mails: jack1993@ 123456yahoo.com (J.H.W.); chanwy@ 123456cuhk.edu.hk (W.Y.C.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: chifaicheung@ 123456cuhk.edu.hk (R.C.F.C.); b021770@ 123456mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk (T.B.N.); Tel.: +852-39438031 (R.C.F.C.); +852-39436872 (T.B.N.); Fax: +852-26035123 (R.C.F.C. & T.B.N.).
                Article
                Publisher ID: marinedrugs-13-05156
                DOI: 10.3390/md13085156
                PMC ID: 4557018
                PubMed ID: 26287217
                SO-VID: e318b84f-2d6e-4cbf-b823-947553ff2a79
                Copyright © © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 01 June 2015
                Date accepted : 06 August 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: chitosan,pharmaceutical applications,biomedical applications
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: chitosan, pharmaceutical applications, biomedical applications

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