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      Protocol for a scoping review on ‘surgical sabermetrics:’ technology-enhanced measurement of operative non-technical skills

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Surgeons need high fidelity, high quality, objective, non-judgemental and quantitative feedback to measure their performance in order to optimise their performance and improve patient safety. This can be provided through surgical sabermetrics, defined as ‘advanced analytics of digitally recorded surgical training and operative procedures to enhance insight, support professional development and optimise clinical and safety outcomes’. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the assessment of surgeon’s non-technical skills using sabermetrics principles, focusing on digital, automated measurements that do not require a human observer.

          Methods and analysis

          To investigate the current methods of digital, automated measurements of surgeons’ non-technical skills, a systematic scoping review will be conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, using databases from medicine and other fields. Covidence software is used for screening of potential studies. A data extraction tool will be developed specifically for this study to evaluate the methods of measurement. Quality assurance will be assessed using Quality Assessment Tool for Diverse Designs. Multiple reviewers will be responsible for screening of studies and data extraction.

          Ethics and dissemination

          This is a review study, not using primary data, and therefore, ethical approval is not required. A range of methods will be employed for dissemination of the results of this study, including publication in journals and conference presentations.

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          Most cited references26

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          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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            Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

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              Scoping studies: advancing the methodology

              Background Scoping studies are an increasingly popular approach to reviewing health research evidence. In 2005, Arksey and O'Malley published the first methodological framework for conducting scoping studies. While this framework provides an excellent foundation for scoping study methodology, further clarifying and enhancing this framework will help support the consistency with which authors undertake and report scoping studies and may encourage researchers and clinicians to engage in this process. Discussion We build upon our experiences conducting three scoping studies using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology to propose recommendations that clarify and enhance each stage of the framework. Recommendations include: clarifying and linking the purpose and research question (stage one); balancing feasibility with breadth and comprehensiveness of the scoping process (stage two); using an iterative team approach to selecting studies (stage three) and extracting data (stage four); incorporating a numerical summary and qualitative thematic analysis, reporting results, and considering the implications of study findings to policy, practice, or research (stage five); and incorporating consultation with stakeholders as a required knowledge translation component of scoping study methodology (stage six). Lastly, we propose additional considerations for scoping study methodology in order to support the advancement, application and relevance of scoping studies in health research. Summary Specific recommendations to clarify and enhance this methodology are outlined for each stage of the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Continued debate and development about scoping study methodology will help to maximize the usefulness and rigor of scoping study findings within healthcare research and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Open
                bmjopen
                bmjopen
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                2044-6055
                2023
                3 February 2023
                : 13
                : 2
                : e064196
                Affiliations
                [1 ]departmentDivision of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, School of Surgery , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
                [2 ]departmentDepartment of Surgery , NHS Lothian , Edinburgh, UK
                [3 ]departmentSTRATUS Center for Medical Simulation , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
                [4 ]departmentDepartment of Emergency Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Miss Emma Howie; ehowie@ 123456ed.ac.uk
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-4295
                Article
                bmjopen-2022-064196
                10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064196
                9899980
                36737091
                e2cecf8b-2381-4160-b902-800f5766f40f
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 27 April 2022
                : 21 December 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269, Wellcome Trust;
                Award ID: WT iTPA PIII030SF
                Categories
                Surgery
                1506
                1737
                Protocol
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                Medicine
                surgery,information technology,statistics & research methods
                Medicine
                surgery, information technology, statistics & research methods

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